Broken Wikilinks — 2026 04 16

Total pages with broken links: 957

l-rhamnosus-gg-early-life

• lactobacillus rhamnosus

probiotics-asd-dysbiosis

• escherichia coli
• clostridioides difficile

_template-signature

• taxon
• taxon

alzheimers-disease

• TNF-α
• IL-1β
• IL-6
• CD4+ T cells
• Th1 cells
• indole derivatives

autism-spectrum-disorder

• bacteroides
• Eubacterium coprostanoligenes
• zinc
• lead
• mercury
• cadmium
• copper
• iron
• glutathione
• bacteroides
• parabacteroides
• clostridium
• coprococcus
• bifidobacterium
• lactobacillus
• depression
• schizophrenia
• type 1 diabetes

cardiovascular-disease

• proteobacteria

cerebral-palsy

• epilepsy
• klebsiella pneumoniae
• bacteroides

chronic-kidney-disease

• desulfovibrionales
• clostridiaceae
• Methanobacteria
• eubacterium rectale
• ruminococcus bromii
• cadmium
• lead
• arsenic
• mercury
• iron
• Alpha-klotho
• escherichia coli
• Desulfovibrionales
• eggerthella lenta
• flavonifractor
• collinsella
• Bacteroides uniformis
• roseburia
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• lachnospira
• coprococcus
• prevotella
• akkermansia muciniphila
• Ruminococcus bromii
• candida albicans
• saccharomyces
• Ganoderma
• type 2 diabetes
• cardiovascular disease
• depression
• colorectal cancer
• stop unrestricted plant diet advanced ckd
• stop probiotics alone uremic toxins ckd

colorectal-cancer

• Dialister invisus

crohns-disease

• ^[1]
• ^[2]
• ^[3]
• ^[4]
• tributyrin
• metformin
• ^[5]
• ^[6]
• ^[7]
• ^[8]
• ^[9]

depression

• anxiety
• pcos
• faecalibacterium hominis 4p15

endometriosis

• pcos
• ibs
• karen pendergrass
• zinc endometriosis 2024
• lactoferrin genital 2019
• endo vaginal microbiota glycome
• altered microbiota ovarian endometrioma 2021
• antibiotics metronidazole endo 2019
• associations endo gut 2020
• fecal metabolomics endo 2020
• effect endo fecal bacteriota 2019
• endo induces gut alterations 2018
• gut imbalance hormone endo 2020
• inflammatory cytokines peritoneal 2018
• microbiome deep endo 2020
• microbiome lower genital chinese
• microbiota composition distribution 2020
• molecular intrauterine colonization 2016

erectile-dysfunction

• senegalimassilia
• oscillibacter
• tyzzerella
• ruminococcaceae
• bacteroides

female-infertility

• phocaeicola
• cadmium
• lead
• nickel
• zinc
• selenium
• eggerthella lenta

fibromyalgia

• irritable-bowel-syndrome
• chronic-fatigue-syndrome
• eggerthella

gerd

• pseudomonas aeruginosa
• bacteroides
• nickel
• prevotella
• pseudomonas aeruginosa
• veillonella
• leptotrichia
• fusobacterium
• haemophilus
• campylobacter jejuni
• streptococcus
• bifidobacterium
• lachnospiraceae
• Christensenellaceae
• akkermansia muciniphila

graves-disease

• inflammatory bowel disease
• gut dysbiosis treg th17 graves 2020
• graves targeted therapy 2025
• graves ibd mendelian 2023
• graves ra mendelian 2021
• ^[10]
• ^[11]
• uncovering causal gut thyroid 2024
• ^[12]
• ^[13]
• selenium thyroid autoimmunity 2015
• ^[14]
• ^[15]
• preliminary flora changes graves 2022
• berberine methimazole graves 2021
• ^[16]
• gluten free thyroiditis 2024
• gut microbiome metabolites graves 2022

hashimotos-thyroiditis

• pcos
• proteobacteria
• actinobacteria

long-covid

• iron
• selenium
• zinc
• copper
• glutathione
• enterobacteriaceae
• streptococcus
• enterococcus
• candida albicans
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• roseburia
• bifidobacterium
• akkermansia muciniphila
• lachnospiraceae
• depression
• chronic kidney disease
• alzheimers disease

multiple-sclerosis

• inflammatory bowel disease
• Akkermansia
• Clostridia cluster XIVa
• Clostridia cluster IV
• E. ventriosum
• chitotriosidase
• sialic acid
• secondary bile acids
• tryptophan metabolites
• b-cell-depletion-therapy
• tudca

necrotizing-enterocolitis

• klebsiella pneumoniae
• clostridium perfringens
• staphylococcus
• bacteroides

obesity

• cardiovascular disease
• depleted
• tributyrin supplementation

ovarian-cancer

• proteobacteria
• propionibacterium
• butyricicoccus
• oscillibacter
• cadmium
• nickel
• arsenic
• iron
• endometriosis
• breast cancer
• colorectal cancer
• pancreatic cancer

pancreatic-cancer

• Gammaproteobacteria
• romboutsia
• senegalimassilia

parkinsons-disease

• lactic acid bacteria

pcos

• cardiovascular disease

pmdd

• anaerotaenia
• butyricicoccus
• megasphaera

postpartum-depression

• Alphaproteobacteria

schizophrenia

• Succinivibrio
• Trichosporon
• copper
• zinc
• iron
• glutathione
• lactobacillus
• prevotella
• streptococcus
• veillonella
• candida albicans
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• roseburia
• coprococcus
• blautia
• saccharomyces cerevisiae
• bifidobacterium
• depression
• alzheimers disease
• parkinsons disease
• multiple sclerosis

type-1-diabetes

• autoimmune-thyroiditis
• bacteroides

type-2-diabetes

• cardiovascular disease
• chronic kidney disease
• propionic acid
• short chain fatty acids
• bile acid metabolism
• metformin

_template-stop

• condition-name
• intervention page

stop-iodine-supplementation-graves

• ^[14]

stop-iodine-supplementation-hashimotos

• ^[14]
• proteobacteria

stop-iron-supplementation-graves

• ^[14]

stop-scfa-replacement-without-dysbiosis-restoration-ms

• tudca
• triangle test

acidic-microenvironment

• cancer
• primitive-9
• candidiasis
• chronic-wounds
• nickel transporters
• primitive-3

ahr

• autism spectrum disorder signature

atherosclerosis

• bile acid metabolism

beta-glucuronidase

• vulvovaginitis-recurrent

cuproptosis

• ferroptosis

developmental-metal-vulnerability

• ^[1]

dietary-arsenic-exposure

• Zhang et al. 2015

dietary-cadmium-exposure

• Zhang et al. 2015

dietary-iron-gut-ecology

• siderophores

dysbiosis

• ^[2]

enterohepatic-circulation

• primitive-7
• cholestasis
• drug-metabolism-variability

estrobolome

• probiotics
• metalloestrogens

estrogen-recirculation

• primitive-7
• uterine-fibroids
• menstrual-migraine

fermentative-metabolism

• primitive-9
• clostridium-cluster-iv
• clostridioides difficile
• adherent invasive e coli
• siderophores

functional-shielding

• primitive-6
• siderophores
• chronic-pelvic-inflammatory-disease
• neisseria-gonorrhoeae
• diabetic-wounds
• chronic-sinusitis

gut-metal-microbiome

• ^[1]

gut-microbiome

• bile acid metabolism

heavy-metals

• aluminium

hypoxia

• zonula-occludens-1
• pd-l1
• tim-3
• siderophores
• metallothionein
• zinc-finger

immune-balance

• psoriasis
• short chain fatty acids
• crohns disease
• Nickel-allergy
• hashimotos thyroiditis
• Rheumatoid-arthritis
• Asthma
• depression
• probiotics

inflammation

• ^[2]

intestinal-permeability

• mitochondrial dysfunction
• dysbiosis
• calprotectin
• non alcoholic fatty liver disease

irving-williams-series

• mis metallation

lipocalin-2

• siderophores

matrix-metalloproteases

• metalloestrogen

metal-chelation-therapy

• lead
• mercury
• copper
• iron
• nickel
• arsenic

metal-dependent-virulence

• helicobacter hepaticus

nf-kappa-b

• ^[14]
• ^[2]

nickel-glyoxalase

• primitive-4
• nickel transporters

nickel-urease

• nixa
• ured
• uree
• uref
• ureg
• gastric ulcer
• gastric adenocarcinoma
• malt-lymphoma
• edta
• dithiocarbamate

nife-hydrogenase

• desulfomonas
• gastric ulcer
• gastric adenocarcinoma
• hemochromatosis

oxidative-stress

• ^[14]

pharmacomicrobiomics

• clostridioides difficile

transferrin

• tyrosine
• histidine
• aspartate
• carbonate
• adherent invasive e coli
• ferroportin

zinc-metalloprotease

• zinc-finger

acinetobacter

• zinc
• copper
• iron

arsenic

• rice

aspergillus

• infection-metallomics

bacteroides-thetaiotaomicron

• mucin

bilophila

• bile acid metabolism

bismuth

• cefiderocol

cadmium

• estrogen-receptor

candida-auris

• ceruloplasmin
• deferasirox
• enterococcus faecium

candida-tropicalis

• candida glabrata
• serratia marcescens
• asca

celiac-disease

• proteobacteria
• dermatitis herpetiformis

cerebral-palsy

• bacteroides
• epilepsy
• klebsiella pneumoniae

chronic-kidney-disease

• alpha klotho
• desulfovibrionales
• fusobacteriales
• gut kidney axis
• oral microbiome

crohns-disease

• lachnospiraceae family
• anxiety

depression

• mis metallation
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease
• chronic kidney disease
• parkinsons disease
• type 2 diabetes
• cardiovascular disease
• hashimotos thyroiditis

dorea

• premature ovarian insufficiency

endometriosis

• anxiety

erectile-dysfunction

• testosterone

female-infertility

• eggerthella lenta
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• cadmium
• lead
• nickel

fibromyalgia

• irritable-bowel-syndrome
• chronic-fatigue-syndrome

gallium

• cefiderocol

gastric-cancer

• Hydrogenase
• Dietary-nickel-exposure
• probiotics

graves-disease

• anxiety

hungatella

• metal toxicity

ibs

• Nickel-allergy
• calprotectin
• ^[17]
• ^[2]

iodine

• ^[14]

iron

• dopamine
• serotonin
• ^[14]

lachnospira

• hidradenitis suppurativa

lead

• ^[1]

long-covid

• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• roseburia
• bifidobacterium
• lactobacillus
• akkermansia muciniphila
• lachnospiraceae
• enterobacteriaceae
• klebsiella pneumoniae
• escherichia coli
• streptococcus
• enterococcus
• candida albicans
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• iron
• selenium
• zinc
• glutathione

magnesium

• ^[14]

multiple-sclerosis

• anxiety

necrotizing-enterocolitis

• klebsiella pneumoniae

nickel

• note evaluation risk ptes italy fish products

pancreatic-cancer

• calcium

parabacteroides

• fxr

parasutterella

• tryptophan

parkinsons-disease

• anxiety

pcos

• endocrine-disruptor

peptostreptococcus

• oral-gut-axis

porphyromonas-gingivalis

• prevotella intermedia
• lactoferrin

prevotella-copri

• prevotella intermedia

purpureocillium

• ergothioneine

schizophrenia

• schizophrenia signature
• iron
• tryptophan metabolism
• neuroinflammation
• depression
• alzheimers disease
• parkinsons disease
• multiple sclerosis
• Bipolar-disorder
• Metabolic-syndrome

selenium

• ^[14]
• thyroid-hormone-metabolism

streptococcus-thermophilus

• lactobacillus-bulgaricus
• lactobacillus rhamnosus

ulcerative-colitis

• short chain fatty acids
• crohns disease
• calprotectin
• ^[2]

_template-intervention

• condition-name
• wikilinks

fmt-intervention

• clostridioides-difficile-infection
• roseburia-spp
• colonization-resistance
• short chain fatty acids
• barrier-integrity

ketogenic-diet

• epilepsy
• beta-hydroxybutyrate
• insulin
• HDAC-inhibition
• mitochondrial dysfunction
• short chain fatty acids
• nutritional-ketosis

mediterranean-diet

• SNAS
• nickel-allergic-contact-mucositis
• ibs
• gerd
• omega-3-fatty-acids
• short chain fatty acids

selenium-supplementation

• prostate-cancer
• hydrogen-peroxide
• selenoprotein-synthesis
• thyroid autoimmunity

zinc-supplementation

• dysmenorrhea
• barrier-integrity
• immune-modulation
• SHANK3

abbott-2019-aip-diet-hashimotos-lifestyle-intervention

• inflammation
• gut microbiome
• intestinal barrier
• fatty acids
• fermented foods
• intestinal permeability

abdel-azim-2018-heavy-metals-vfas-methanococcus

• short chain fatty acids
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure

abedi-2023-arsenic-mercury-hen-eggs-iran

• poultry
• eggs
• inorganic-arsenic

abudawood-2021-antioxidant-heavy-metals-pcos

• endocrine disruptors
• oxidative stress
• glutathione

adapa-2023-microbiome-thyroid-link-gut-microbiota-review

• gut microbiome
• proteobacteria
• High-fiber diet
• short chain fatty acids
• Fermented foods
• molecular mimicry

adhikari-2024-leafy-vegetables-heavy-metals-johannesburg

• atmospheric-deposition
• leafy-greens

agarwal-2024-airborne-arg-mrg-ewaste-recycling

• antibiotic-resistance-genes
• metal resistance genes
• Endotoxin
• horizontal gene transfer

agboola-2023-heavy-metals-leafy-vegetables-lagos

• nickel dietary exposure
• nickel in food
• nickel allergy
• dietary heavy metal exposure
• ^[18]
• heavy metals and gut microbiome

aguilera-2021-dietary-hazardous-substances-microbiota-dysbiosis

• microbiota
• heavy metals
• Environmental Exposures
• Cadmium Toxicity
• Lead Toxicity

ahmed-2024-infections-inflammation-schizophrenia-review

• gut microbiome
• kynurenine pathway
• maternal immune activation
• autoimmune
• COVID-19

ahmed-2025-metals-alzheimers-mechanistic-review

• mitochondrial dysfunction
• Amyloid-Beta

aho-2019-gut-microbiome-disease-progression-parkinsons

• microbiome
• enterobacteriaceae

aho-2021-gut-microbiome-scfas-inflammation-parkinsons

• microbiome

akash-2023-metabolomics-heavy-metal-toxicities

• metabolomics
• heavy metals
• Cadmium Toxicity
• Lead Toxicity
• Mercury Toxicity
• bile acid metabolism

akiyama-2019-cervical-mucus-microbial-colonization-endometriosis

• bacterial contamination hypothesis

al-bataineh-2020-gut-microbiome-fungal-community-t2d-emirati

• davidiella
• bacteroides
• metabolic-endotoxemia
• LPS-biosynthesis

al-bataineh-2023-multi-omics-microbiome-metabolome-t2d-fiber

• 2-hydroxybutyrate
• propionic acid

alageel-2025-microbiome-composition-gerd-systematic-review

• gerd
• streptococcus
• prevotella
• veillonella
• leptotrichia
• barretts esophagus
• metabolic pathways
• arachidonic acid
• Proton pump inhibitor
• small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
• mendelian randomization
• gut microbiome
• esophageal inflammation

ali-2024-heavy-metals-breast-cancer-review

• estrogen receptor alpha
• metalloestrogens

alkader-2023-gut-microbiota-autoimmune-thyroid-systematic-review

• hashimotos thyroiditis
• gut microbiome
• bacteroidetes
• actinobacteria
• thyroid peroxidase
• ^[19]
• ^[20]

alnaim-2025-dietary-interventions-pediatric-gerd-systematic-review

• gerd
• probiotics
• gut barrier
• mediterranean diet

alonso-2021-brain-microbiota-huntingtons

• huntingtons disease

alonso-garcia-2021-gut-microbiota-proteinopathies

• fmt intervention
• amyloid-beta-aggregation
• short chain fatty acids

alotaibi-2021-heavy-metal-detoxification-bacillus-bioremediation

• gut microbiome

althomali-2024-heavy-metals-neurocognitive-systematic-review

• heavy metal neurotoxicity
• neurocognitive-assessment

alves-2020-candida-adapting-survive-host-constraints

• candida glabrata

amerikanou-2022-ibd-biomarkers-trace-metals

• crohns disease
• ulcerative colitis
• cesium
• thallium
• nickel-toxicity
• inflammatory bowel disease
• Trace Element Deficiency
• ^[6]
• Thallium

anchidin-norocel-2025-heavy-metal-gut-probiotics-biosensors

• ^[21]
• ^[22]
• ^[23]
• heavy metal exposure routes

andrei-2020-copper-homeostasis-bacteria-ins-outs

• iron sulfur clusters
• metallochaperone

angoorani-2023-probiotics-prebiotics-synbiotics-pcos

• synbiotics
• dietary intervention
• dietary fiber

aoki-2022-zinc-supplementation-ppd-anemia

• trace element supplementation

aquino-2012-cadmium-nickel-metalloestrogens

• metalloestrogen
• ERa
• chromatin modifications
• DNA methylation
• aneuploidy
• metalloestrogens

arshad-2023-heavy-metals-rheumatoid-arthritis

• immune dysfunction
• environmental metal exposure

asangba-2023-microbiome-ovarian-cancer-diagnostic-prognostic

• lactobacillus iners
• microbacterium-lacus
• ovarian cancer signature
• target-eco-niche-shared-with-crc

atabilen-2022-dietary-interventions-ms-systematic-review

• Mediterranean-diet
• ketogenic diet

atsdr-2005-tin-toxicological-profile

• tin

autoimmune-2023-perturbations-gut-microbiota-neurological

• microbiome

azami-2019-anemia-ppd-meta-analysis

• neurotransmitter
• IL-2
• iron deficiency

aziz-zadeh-2025-brain-activity-tryptophan-gut-metabolites-asd

• PLP

azizi-2017-systematic-review-drug-therapy-graves

• oxidative stress
• iodine

bair-2022-heavy-metals-infant-toddler-food-us-policy

• infant exposure
• rice-cereal

baker-austin-2006-co-selection-antibiotic-metal-resistance

• horizontal gene transfer
• horizontal gene transfer

bakulski-2020-heavy-metals-alzheimers-dementias

• heavy metal neurotoxicity
• lead-neurotoxicity
• mercury-neurotoxicity

bakulski-2025-heavy-metals-late-onset-alzheimers

• late-onset-Alzheimers-disease
• chelation-therapy

balali-mood-2021-toxic-mechanisms-five-heavy-metals

• metal-toxicology
• ^[2]
• Lead Toxicity
• nickel-toxicity
• ^[6]
• ^[24]
• ^[25]

balestrino-2020-systematic-review-parkinsons-basal-ganglia

• alpha synuclein

bao-2024-iron-homeostasis-intestinal-immunity-gut-microbiota

• Bifidobacteria
• iron homeostasis
• metal toxicity mechanisms
• ^[23]
• manganese neurotoxicity
• ^[26]
• ^[21]

bao-2025-gut-microbiota-thyroid-diseases-comprehensive-review

• proteobacteria
• bile acid metabolism
• fmt intervention
• tryptophan metabolism
• bile acid metabolism

barras-2018-silver-antibiotic-synergy-mismetallation

• iron sulfur clusters
• fenton chemistry

barrea-2019-mediterranean-diet-pcos

• testosterone
• CRP
• HOMA-IR

bastida-martinez-2025-pexr-peroxide-stress-metal-sensing-myxococcus

• fenton chemistry
• iron sulfur clusters
• gene regulation
• superoxide dismutase
• metal sensing

bauer-2019-oregano-streptococcus-scfa-microbiota

• oregano
• carvacrol
• thymol

bedarf-2017-metagenomic-analysis-parkinsons-gut-microbiome

• shotgun metagenomics
• microbiome
• tlr4

bellemartin-2024-gut-hormone-therapy-t2d-infertility-review

• glp-1-receptor-agonists
• gut gonadal axis
• t2d-infertility-signature
• phgg-partially-hydrolyzed-guar-gum-t2d-infertility
• lactobacillus-casei-t2d
• glp-1-agonist-reproductive-function

benoit-2021-nickel-chelator-dmg-amyloid-beta

• metal-chelation
• protein-aggregation

bergman-2016-low-nickel-diet-review

• Systemic contact dermatitis

berrington-2003-obesity-pancreatic-cancer-meta-analysis

• pancreatic cancer
• type 2 diabetes
• metabolic pathways
• gut microbiome
• mediterranean diet
• dietary fiber

bezawada-2020-asd-gut-microbiota-children-systematic-review

• sutterella
• p cresol
• propionic acid
• heavy metals

bhargava-2020-bile-acid-metabolism-ms-neuroinflammation

• bile acid metabolism

bheemanenni-2025-fibromyalgia-ibs-systematic-review

• irritable-bowel-syndrome
• fibromyalgia signature

bisht-2024-malonate-lung-pseudomonas-metal-stress

• Pseudomonas-aeruginosa
• cystic fibrosis

blakeley-ruiz-2019-metaproteomics-crohns-functional-stability

• functional-redundancy
• metaproteomics
• crohns disease signature

blume-2026-metallomics-metabolomics-metal-homeostasis-c-elegans

• labile metal pool
• superoxide dismutase

boertien-2019-microbiome-composition-covariates-parkinsons

• microbiome

boeschoten-2017-depression-anxiety-ms-meta-analysis

• dysbiosis
• tryptophan
• Heavy-metals

bolte-2019-environmental-exposure-etiology-asd

• heavy metals

bopp-2024-o2-uncoupling-rieske-oxygenase-iron-ros-adaptation

• iron sulfur clusters
• fenton chemistry

borghini-2020-endometriosis-nickel-ibs

• Nickel-allergy
• endocrine disruption

braga-2013-snas-nosologic-framework

• systemic-nickel-allergy-syndrome
• nickel allergic contact dermatitis
• oral nickel challenge

branton-2016-brain-microbiota-ms

• proteobacteria
• actinobacteria
• peptidoglycan
• demyelination

braud-2010-siderophores-pseudomonas-metal-tolerance

• pseudomonas aeruginosa

breton-2016-cadmium-lead-oral-exposure-colitis

• Cadmium Toxicity
• Lead Toxicity
• metal-toxicology
• inflammatory bowel disease
• Intestinal Barrier Function
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• Metal Detoxification Mechanisms
• ^[27]

briffa-2020-heavy-metal-pollution-environment-toxicological-effects-humans

• carcinogenesis
• alzheimers disease
• Contact Dermatitis

briffa-2020-heavy-metal-pollution-environment-toxicology

• heavy metal toxicology
• nickel toxicity
• nickel carcinogenesis
• nickel exposure limits
• occupational nickel exposure
• ^[28]
• ^[29]
• bioavailability

brock-2015-selenium-thyroid-autoimmunity

• glutathione peroxidases
• thioredoxin reductases
• iodothyronine deiodinases
• hashimotos thyroiditis
• graves disease

brown-2011-gut-metagenomics-t1d-autoimmunity-model

• bacteroides

brown-2024-lithium-ion-battery-mining-metals

• lithium
• occupational-exposure
• lithium-ion-battery

brusaferro-2018-gut-dysbiosis-paediatric-crohns

• autophagy
• exclusive-enteral-nutrition
• nod2
• crohns disease signature
• exclusive enteral nutrition

brylinski-2025-trace-elements-thyroid-diseases

• hashimotos thyroiditis
• thyroid cancer
• iodine
• autoimmune thyroiditis
• cobalt

bucciero-2026-diet-ms-oxidative-stress-nrf2

• Nrf2
• EAE
• resveratrol
• curcumin
• Mediterranean-diet
• Paleolithic-diet
• G-quadruplexes
• Gordonibacter-urolithinfaciens

bushman-2025-nutrient-metals-bacteria-gut-infection

• colonization-resistance
• siderophore
• gut microbiome

cacciatore-2015-carvacrol-codrugs-antimicrobial-antibiofilm

• carvacrol
• n acetyl cysteine
• essential-oils

cai-2018-hashimotos-neuroinflammation-emotional-alterations-mice

• hashimotos thyroiditis
• frontal cortex
• IL-1beta
• TNF-alpha
• serotonin
• IDO1
• SERT
• tryptophan metabolism
• gut brain axis
• neuroinflammation

cai-2022-gut-microbiota-male-reproduction

• calcium
• hydrogen-sulfide
• cgmp-pathway
• gut penis axis
• erectile dysfunction signature

calabrese-2025-ketogenic-diet-ocd-uc-remission

• ^[30]

calcaterra-2023-probiotics-pcos-adolescents

• hyperandrogenism

callejon-leblic-2023-metallomic-signatures-lung-cancer-copd

• metal-exposure

campanale-2014-nickel-free-diet-h-pylori

• nickel-free diet
• helicobacter pylori

campos-acuna-2019-neuroinflammation-microbiome-immune-parkinsons

• toll like receptors
• microglia
• alpha synuclein
• tlr4

canipari-2020-female-fertility-environmental-pollution

• cobalt
• environmental pollutants
• female infertility
• endocrine disruption
• nickel toxicology
• Iron deficiency
• anemia
• pregnancy outcomes
• fertility-lead-cadmium
• heavy-metals-infertility-nhanes

cao-2021-dysbiotic-gut-microbiota-cytokine-profile-asd

• lachnospiraceae
• Neisseria
• bacillus
• Streptomyces
• short chain fatty acids
• p cresol

capdevila-2024-bacterial-metallostasis-sensing-trafficking

• Acinetobacter baumannii

capuco-2020-gut-microbiome-dysbiosis-depression-review

• lachnospiraceae

carrero-2020-plant-based-diets-ckd-nature-reviews

• saccharolytic-fermentation
• uremic-toxins

carvalho-2014-siderophores-trojan-horses-mdr

• acinetobacter baumannii
• siderophores

casaburi-2022-formate-nec-enteric-dysbiosis-metabolic-model

• enterobacter cloacae
• oxygen-state

casanova-2020-comorbidity-autism-editorial

• ^[31]

catala-valentin-2021-bacterial-host-homeostasis-upper-gi-carcinogenesis

• gerd
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• porphyromonas gingivalis
• Campylobacter concisus

chairatana-2015-salmochelin-pathogen-selective-killing

• siderophores

chandravanshi-2021-developmental-cadmium-toxicity-children

• ADHD

chang-2024-metabolome-amino-acids-asd

• subdoligranulum
• faecalibacterium-praushitzii
• faecalibacterium
• veillonellaceae
• rumminococcaceae
• deinococcus-thermus
• deinococcus
• holophagae
• phascolarctobacterium-succinatutens

chapman-2026-clostridia-hmos-pathobiont-suppression-nec

• clostridium perfringens
• enterobacter
• hmos
• interkingdom-relationships

chen-2021-chlamydia-vaginal-microbiota-tubal-infertility

• chlamydia trachomatis
• lactobacillus iners
• lactobacillus crispatus
• tubal-infertility
• pelvic inflammatory disease
• female infertility signature
• tubal-infertility-signature
• lactobacillus-crispatus-probiotic

chen-2021-gut-microbiota-thyroid-graves

• gut microbiome
• Synergistetes
• phascolarctobacterium
• Short-Chain Fatty Acids
• bile acid metabolism

chen-2022-living-microorganisms-detoxification-heavy-metals

• probiotic detoxification of heavy metals
• ^[21]
• bioremediation
• food safety regulation
• ^[32]

chen-2022-shift-work-gerd-meta-analysis

• gerd

chen-2023-causal-constipation-parkinsons-microbiome-mediation

• microbiome

chen-2023-hpylori-antibodies-gerd-mendelian-study

• helicobacter pylori
• gerd

chen-2024-causal-gut-microbiota-male-ed-mr

• erectile dysfunction signature
• ruminococcaceae
• oscillibacter
• tyzzerella

chen-2024-esophageal-dysbiosis-tlr2-barrier-integrity-gerd

• gerd
• TLR2
• IL-6
• claudin-1
• lipopolysaccharide
• intestinal permeability

chen-2024-esophageal-microbial-dysbiosis-tlr2-gerd

• pseudomonas aeruginosa

chen-2024-graves-ra-bidirectional-mr

• rheumatoid arthritis
• HLA
• JAK/STAT pathway
• PTPN22
• inflammation
• nf kappa b

chen-2024-gut-microbiota-six-thyroid-diseases-mr

• mendelian randomization
• Ruminiclostridium
• Victivallis
• butyricimonas
• Eubacterium rectale group
• collinsella
• Oscillospira
• Catenibacterium
• lachnospira
• short-chain fatty acid
• gut-thyroid axis
• Short-Chain Fatty Acids

chen-2024-indoles-microbiome-parkinsons

• microbiome

chen-2025-inflammation-microbiota-pancreatic-cancer

• NF-kB
• TGF-beta
• pancreatitis
• gut microbiome
• gut microbiome
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• drug repurposing
• microbiome and disease progression
• immune response

cheng-2021-cadmium-enterococcus-metabolic

• enterococcus

cheng-2025-neuroinflammation-pms-pmdd-review

• kynurenine pathway
• gaba-a-receptor
• bdnf
• pmdd signature

chernikova-2022-brain-gut-microbiome-asd

• claudins
• occludin
• ZO-1
• faecalibacterium

chin-chan-2015-environmental-pollutants-ad-pd

• environmental-risk-factors
• amyloid-beta-aggregation
• tau-phosphorylation
• mitochondrial dysfunction
• nanoparticles

choi-2020-smoking-premenstrual-syndrome-meta-analysis

• premenstrual syndrome
• premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• HPA axis
• heavy metals
• endocrine disruptors
• hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
• serotonin
• dopamine
• menstrual disorders

chouari-2024-heavy-metal-metabolic-nutritional-asd-morocco

• autism spectrum disorder
• heavy metal
• neurotransmitter
• mitochondrial dysfunction
• oxalates
• oxidative stress
• Mitochondrial dysfunction

chrobak-2016-gut-microbiome-cns-schizophrenia-bipolar-depression

• lactobacillus
• bifidobacterium
• escherichia coli
• firmicutes
• bacteroides
• saccharomyces cerevisiae

cilia-2021-shotgun-metagenomics-parkinsons-italian

• shotgun metagenomics
• microbiome

cirstea-2021-gut-mycobiome-parkinsons-fungal-dysbiosis

• Saccharomycetaceae

coker-2021-gut-mycobiome-neurological-disease

• gut-mycobiome
• saccharomyces
• malassezia
• aspergillus
• Dectin-1
• amyloid

comer-2020-inflamed-brain-schizophrenia-neuroinflammation

• schizophrenia

constipation-causal-effect-parkinsons-microbiome-mediation

• microbiome

coretti-2018-gut-microbiota-young-asd-children

• Bifidobacterium longum
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• autism spectrum disorder signature

corkins-2019-aluminum-effects-infants-children

• parenteral-nutrition
• alzheimers disease

corley-2006-bmi-gerd-systematic-review-meta-analysis

• gerd

corrales-2024-iron-chelating-antifungal-collismycin-candida

• iron sulfur clusters

correale-2021-amino-acid-catabolizing-enzymes-ms

• Amino-acid
• Treg
• Tryptophan
• IDO1
• kynurenine
• EAE
• Th1
• Th17
• Arginine
• ARG1
• TGF-beta
• GCN2K
• mTOR

coryell-2018-gut-microbiome-arsenic-toxicity-protection

• Faecalibacterium prausnitizii
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• Metal Detoxification Mechanisms
• Arsenicosis
• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
• ^[33]

costafrolaz-2026-yjbi-envelope-zinc-stress-antibiotic-caulobacter

• outer-membrane
• Caulobacter

crick-2017-oxysterols-bile-acid-precursors-ms

• bile acid metabolism

cummings-1992-fecal-weight-colon-cancer-fiber

• colorectal cancer
• dietary fiber
• dietary fiber
• ^[34]
• mediterranean diet

cuomo-2018-microbiome-schizophrenia-resistance-systematic-review

• clostridium
• lactobacillus

cutler-2019-fiber-magnesium-pcos

• dietary fiber
• dietary fiber
• HOMA-IR
• hyperandrogenism
• testosterone
• DHEAS
• short chain fatty acids

dagar-2023-bacteriome-mycobiome-virome-rheumatoid-arthritis

• rheumatoid arthritis
• Ascomycota
• Basidiomycota
• Wallemia
• virome
• bacteroidetes
• firmicutes
• Th17
• hashimotos thyroiditis

dahan-2018-arsenic-alters-microbiome-larval-zebrafish

• heavy metals
• microbiome composition
• Environmental Exposures

dai-2024-bidirectional-mr-gut-microbiota-cvd

• mendelian randomization
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbial biomarkers
• microbiome and inflammation
• ^[35]
• ^[36]
• ^[37]
• microbiome composition

danziger-2022-susceptibility-heavy-metal-toxicity-ckd

• environmental justice
• iron deficiency

dargahi-2020-streptococcus-thermophilus-ms

• streptococcus thermophilus
• IL-4
• IL-5
• IL-10
• IFN-gamma
• IL-1beta

darwiche-2025-synergistic-toxicity-nickel-copper-iron-sulfur-ecoli

• iron sulfur clusters
• sulfur-metabolism
• histidine

davis-richardson-2015-bacteroides-dorei-t1d-model

• bacteroides

de-almeida-2022-toxic-metals-infant-formula-brazil

• tin

de-lay-2024-ccn-srnas-zinc-resistance-pneumococcus-virulence

• sRNA
• superoxide dismutase
• Streptococcus-pneumoniae
• virulence

de-pablo-fernandez-2024-faecal-metabolome-mycobiome-parkinsons

• metabolome
• saccharomyces
• metabolomics
• bile-acid

de-paiva-2020-aluminium-infant-foods-bioaccessibility

• Bioaccessibility
• ^[38]

de-paiva-2020-aluminum-cereal-baby-foods-bioaccessibility

• Bioaccessibility

declercq-2021-common-medications-oral-microbiome

• statins

dejonge-2022-gut-virome-bacteriophage-metabolic-syndrome

• virome
• cardiovascular disease
• microbial biomarkers
• microbiome-host interactions
• virome
• viral dysbiosis
• ^[39]
• shotgun metagenomics

demetriou-2018-asd-executive-function-meta-analysis

• Morton et al. 2023

deng-2022-gi-symptoms-minor-impact-asd-microbiota-scfa

• Veillonellaceae
• Agaribacter
• Massilia
• Oxalobacteraceae
• Gammaproteobacteria
• proteobacteria
• blautia
• Megamonas
• Sphingomonas
• bacteroidetes
• Hydrogenedentes
• Elusimicrobia
• Methylomirabilota
• Halobacteria
• Chloroflexi
• campylobacter jejuni
• propionic acid
• butyrate
• bile acid

deshpande-2018-esophageal-microbiome-signatures-host-genetics

• rothia
• campylobacter

devarajalu-2025-nec-gut-microbiota-indian-preterm-shotgun

• siderophores
• virulence enzymes

di-ciaula-2017-bile-acid-physiology

• bile acid metabolism
• heavy metals

di-gioacchino-2018-snas-chapter

• systemic-nickel-allergy-syndrome
• allergic contact dermatitis
• oral nickel challenge

diallo-2024-microbiome-derived-metabolites-autoimmune

• tryptophan
• kynurenine
• bile acid metabolism
• polyamines
• Foxp3
• Treg
• aryl hydrocarbon receptor
• ^[40]

dieme-2015-metabolomics-urine-asd-multiplatform

• indoxyl sulfate
• Indoxyl sulfate
• tryptophan
• phenylalanine

dinakaran-2014-circdna-circulating-microbiome-cvd

• inflammation

dinakaran-2014-circulating-microbiome-cvd

• Shotgun metagenomics
• actinobacteria
• proteobacteria
• virome
• circulating microbiome
• cardiovascular disease
• ^[41]
• microbiome composition
• viral microbiota
• viral dysbiosis
• metagenomic analysis
• microbial biomarkers

dinan-2014-genomics-schizophrenia-gut-microbiome

• bifidobacterium
• lactobacillus
• escherichia coli

dixon-2020-probiotics-cvd-risk-meta-analysis

• LDL
• HbA1c
• HDL
• gut microbiome
• cardiovascular disease
• metabolic syndrome

docimo-2020-human-microbiota-endocrinology-thyroid

• Autoimmune thyroid diseases
• gut microbiome
• Prevotellaceae
• Veillonellaceae

dong-2018-ppi-acid-test-microbiome-composition-editorial

• Proton pump inhibitor
• enterococcus
• streptococcus
• staphylococcus aureus
• lactobacillus
• clostridioides difficile
• small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
• short chain fatty acids

dong-2021-salivary-microbiome-tsh-shifts

• TSH
• Granulicatella
• insulin resistance
• Metabolic Syndrome
• pcos

donovan-2017-mediterranean-diet-crc-prevention

• mediterranean diet
• colorectal cancer
• ^[42]
• ^[43]
• ^[34]
• ^[44]
• gut microbiome
• ^[45]

doroszkiewicz-2023-common-trace-metals-alzheimers-parkinsons

• Iron-dysregulation
• copper-dysregulation
• Zinc-homeostasis
• amyloid-beta-aggregation

du-2025-heavy-metal-exposures-infants-reflux-dysphagia

• heavy metals

duan-2020-gut-microbiota-heavy-metal-probiotic-strategy

• Gut microbiota
• pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Oxalobacter formigenes
• heavy metals and gut microbiome
• ^[46]
• ^[22]
• ^[32]
• ^[47]
• nickel gut microbiome interactions

duarte-silva-2022-microbial-metabolites-ms

• Spermidine
• Urolithins

dupont-2023-fmt-parkinsons-randomized-pilot

• fmt intervention
• fmt intervention
• constipation
• proteobacteria
• firmicutes

duran-gonzalez-2025-fibromyalgia-multi-omics-diagnosis

• streptococcus salivarius
• bacteroides
• fibromyalgia signature

eggers-2023-prenatal-lead-childhood-gut-microbiome-progress

• bacteroides caccae
• bifidobacterium longum
• prenatal metal exposure

eggers-2023-prenatal-lead-exposure-gut-microbiome-childhood

• ^[27]

elbeialy-2024-environmental-pollution-rheumatic-diseases

• aluminium
• Vitamin D
• vitamin D
• hyperparathyroidism
• chelation therapy
• environmental pollution
• autoimmune disease

elbere-2018-metformin-gut-microbiome-dysbiosis-healthy-volunteers

• metformin
• gut microbiome
• cardiovascular disease
• akkermansia muciniphila

elbere-2018-metformin-gut-microbiome-dysbiosis-healthy

• metformin

elbere-2021-metformin-gut-microbiome-epigenetics-t2d-thesis

• metformin
• drug repurposing

emgren-2025-bile-acid-metabolism-ms-disability-worsening

• bile acid metabolism

ermakov-2022-immune-system-abnormalities-schizophrenia

• schizophrenia
• saccharomyces cerevisiae

etebary-2010-ppd-serum-trace-elements

• dopamine
• HPA axis
• metals and mental health

etyemez-2025-biomarkers-reproductive-psychiatric-disorders

• allopregnanolone
• neurosteroids
• cytokines
• pmdd signature

eu-scf-2001-tin-canned-foods

• tin

fakhruddin-2025-oral-microbiome-asd-systematic-review

• streptococcus mutans
• porphyromonas gingivalis

fan-2024-heavy-metal-arthritis-machine-learning

• Tungsten
• antimony
• molybdenum
• thallium
• NHANES
• tungsten
• osteoarthritis
• environmental metal exposure
• autoimmune disease

fan-2025-fmt-hypertension-rct

• gut microbiome

fang-2024-gut-microbiota-thyroid-disease-advances

• gut microbiome
• Bacillaceae
• Megamonas
• proteobacteria
• actinobacteria
• Desulfobacterota
• klebsiella pneumoniae
• bile acid
• cytokine
• short chain fatty acids
• Probiotic
• Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
• Bifidobacterium longum
• fmt intervention
• T regulatory cells
• bile acid metabolism

fang-2024-immune-cells-asd-mr

• ^[48]

fatima-2020-heavy-metals-fruit-juices-pakistan

• Dietary nickel exposure

fattorusso-2016-asd-gut-microbiota

• Bifidobacteria

feng-2022-pediococcus-probiotic-heavy-metals-gut-microbiome

• probiotics

feng-2023-probiotics-asd-gut-brain-axis-review

• Escherichia/Shigella
• Clostridium cluster XVIII
• alistipes
• Lactobacillus plantarum
• Saccharomyces boulardii

feng-2025-heavy-metals-bacterial-vaginosis

• bacterial vaginosis

fermented-foods-2024-parkinsons-neurodegeneration-microbiome

• microbiome

fernandez-2018-physical-activity-immune-microbiome-cvd

• cardiovascular disease
• immune response
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome and immune system
• microbial biomarkers
• functional microbiome shifts
• metabolic pathways

fernandez-2019-tobacco-pms-case-control

• premenstrual syndrome
• pmdd
• estrogen
• progesterone
• heavy metals

fernandez-2021-medimacs-mediterranean-diet-acs-microbiome-trial

• mediterranean diet
• acute coronary syndrome
• microbiome
• gut microbiome

finkelstein-2022-lead-parkinsons-microbiome-mendelian-randomization

• microbiome

fitzjerrells-2025-oral-dysbiosis-hypotaurine-ms

• hypotaurine

flyvholm-1984-nickel-food-content

• dietary nickel exposure

foroughi-2026-periodontal-biomarkers-cvd

• microbial biomarkers
• cardiovascular disease
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbiome and immune system
• microbiome composition
• microbiome-modulating drugs

friedrich-2016-isoaspartic-acid-mbp-ms

• Myelin-basic-protein
• isoaspartic-acid
• citrulline

fromentin-2022-microbiome-metabolome-cardiometabolic-spectrum

• Metabolic-syndrome

fujimoto-2022-gut-virome-metabolic-autoimmune

• virome
• cardiovascular disease
• microbiome-host interactions
• metagenomic analysis
• ^[49]
• virome
• ^[50]

fujimoto-2022-human-gut-virome-metabolic-autoimmune

• virome

fukutake-2015-amino-acid-profile-pancreatic-cancer-detection

• amino acids
• pancreatic cancer
• metabolic pathways
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbial biomarkers

gaetani-2020-tryptophan-metabolic-profiling-ms

• tryptophan
• indole-3-propionic-acid
• aryl hydrocarbon receptor

gail-2015-upper-gi-microbiome-barretts-genomic-instability

• streptococcus
• prevotella
• esophageal adenocarcinoma
• helicobacter pylori
• barretts esophagus

gao-2017-lead-exposure-multi-omics-gut-microbiome

• ^[47]
• ^[46]
• ^[28]
• ^[22]

gao-2020-gut-microbial-biomarkers-acs-post-stemi

• biomarker

gao-2023-microglia-neurodegenerative-diseases

• amyloid-beta-aggregation
• tau-phosphorylation
• APOE4

garcez-2024-gut-microbiome-review-parkinsons

• microbiome

gargano-2022-mait-cells-gut-yeasts-ms-brain

• saccharomyces

gargiulo-isacco-2024-ssris-cervical-cancer-microbiome

• ^[51]

genchi-2020-cadmium-toxicity

• metallothioneins
• Mitochondria
• reactive oxygen species
• epigenetic changes
• endocrine disruptor
• osteoporosis

genchi-2020-nickel-human-health-environmental-toxicology

• epigenetic
• cobalt
• Nickel allergy

gentile-2020-diet-microbiota-brain-health

• Mediterranean-diet
• short chain fatty acids
• fmt intervention
• amyloid-beta-aggregation

genton-2021-fmt-pancreatic-cancer-germ-free-mice

• pancreatic cancer
• cachexia
• metabolic pathways
• microbiome composition
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbial metabolites

gevi-2016-urinary-metabolomics-italian-autistic-tryptophan-purine

• kynurenine
• xanthurenic acid
• quinolinic acid
• serotonin
• melatonin
• indoxyl sulfate
• indolyl-3-acetic acid
• indolyl lactate
• Indoxyl sulfate

ghezzi-2021-targeting-gut-treat-ms

• ^[40]

ghorbani-2024-gut-microbiome-dopamine-serotonin-bdnf-schizophrenia

• alistipes
• roseburia
• parabacteroides

ghosh-2023-heavy-metals-gut-barrier-integrity

• Urolithin A
• gut barrier function
• intestinal permeability
• ^[21]
• ^[46]
• microbial metabolites as therapeutics
• ^[22]
• nickel toxicity
• ^[32]

giambo-2021-toxic-metal-exposure-gut-microbiota-review

• ^[46]
• nickel gut microbiome interactions
• ^[23]
• ^[21]
• ^[26]

godoy-gallardo-2021-antibacterial-metal-ions-nanoparticles-tissue-engineering

• silver

goh-2024-group-b-streptococcus-metal-stress-mismetallation-ros

• iron sulfur clusters
• virulence

golden-2024-metal-chelation-antibacterial-pseudomonas-acinetobacter

• acinetobacter baumannii

gomes-2014-gut-microbiota-probiotics-diabetes-review

• probiotics

gonzalez-henao-2021-heavy-metals-soil-remediation-plant-microbiome

• Cadmium Toxicity
• Lead Toxicity
• Environmental Exposures

gonzalez-sanchez-2021-microbiome-cancer-know-thy-neighbors

• microbiota
• Microbial metabolites
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• DNA damage
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbiome-targeted therapy

gonzalez-suarez-2022-baby-food-jars-essential-toxic-elements

• Lithium
• ^[38]

gorkiewicz-2018-gut-microbiome-gastrointestinal-disease

• lactobacillus
• streptococcus
• veillonella
• dysbiosis
• fmt intervention
• short chain fatty acids

goudman-2024-gut-dysbiosis-chronic-pain-meta-analysis

• fibromyalgia signature
• eggerthella
• scfa

grimaldi-2018-prebiotic-bgos-asd-children

• coprococcus
• Dorea formicigenerans
• Oribacterium
• Eubacterium dolchum

guevara-ramirez-2024-dietary-heavy-metals-neurodegeneration

• Chelation-therapy
• mitochondrial dysfunction
• ubiquitin-proteasome-system
• chelation-therapy
• dietary-interventions

guo-2019-fecal-bacterial-marker-panel-crohns-diagnosis

• crohns disease signature

guo-2021-tumor-microbiome-basal-like-pdac

• microbiome
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbiome composition
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbiome signature
• metabolic pathways

gutmann-2025-functional-microbiome-diet-ms

• tryptophan
• Bacteroides-thetaiotaomicron

haag-2015-intestinal-microbiota-innate-immunity-crohns

• ^[52]

haberman-2014-pediatric-cd-ileal-transcriptome-microbiome

• pediatric-crohns
• duox2
• apoa1
• pasteurellaceae
• fusobacteriaceae
• crohns disease signature

haddad-2024-heavy-metals-vitamin-d-pth-ra-fibromyalgia

• Vitamin D
• aluminium
• vitamin D deficiency
• hyperparathyroidism
• bone metabolism

half-2019-fecal-microbiome-signatures-pancreatic-cancer

• microbiome
• pancreatic cancer
• microbial biomarkers
• Microbiome composition
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome and disease progression

han-2022-berberine-methimazole-graves-microbiome

• Berberine
• methimazole
• Enterococcus hirae
• Enterobacter hormaechei
• Chryseobacterium indologenes
• enterobactin
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• Short-Chain Fatty Acids

han-2024-lgg-gallium-polyphenol-intratumor-microbiota-pancreatic-cancer

• proteobacteria
• pancreatic cancer
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• microbiome and inflammation
• NF-kB
• microbiome-modulating drugs
• virome
• microbiome-host interactions

han-2025-multi-omics-gut-microbiota-pancreatic-cancer

• shotgun metagenomics
• metabolomics
• gut microbiome
• pancreatic cancer
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• antibiotics
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbiome and disease progression

harbi-2024-lactobacillus-candida-thyroid-disorders

• candida albicans

harbige-2007-pufa-pathogenesis-treatment-ms

• PUFA
• TGF-beta
• ^[40]

harris-2015-esophageal-microbiome-eosinophilic-esophagitis

• gerd
• haemophilus
• streptococcus

hashimoto-2023-host-microbiome-neuropsychiatric-disorders-review

• bacteroides

hashimoto-2023-host-microbiome-neuropsychiatric-disorders

• neuropsychiatric disorders
• gut microbiome
• oral microbiome
• alzheimers disease
• parkinsons disease
• Pasterellaceae
• depression
• skin diseases
• psoriasis

hatton-2022-diet-parkinsons-critical-role-microbiome

• microbiome

hayashi-2019-gut-microbiome-metabolites-heart-failure

• heart-failure

he-2021-gut-microbiome-sex-hormones-disease

• hormonal therapy
• cardiovascular disease
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbiome and immune system
• microbiome-derived metabolites

he-2023-altered-gut-microbiota-scfa-constipated-asd-chinese

• Eubacterium eligens
• anaerostipes
• Propionate
• heavy metals

hegelmaier-2020-fiber-intervention-parkinsons-microbiome

• microbiome

heidari-2021-immune-system-asd-therapeutic-challenges

• ^[48]
• Morton et al. 2023

heidari-2022-neuroinflammation-progression-parkinsons

• Microglia
• microglia

hernandes-2020-microbiome-deep-endometriosis-vaginal-lesion

• bacterial contamination hypothesis

herrema-2020-microbiome-cardiovascular-disease-ascvd

• bile acid metabolism

hertel-2019-integrated-metabolomics-parkinsons-biomarkers

• tryptophan metabolism

hicks-2025-oral-vaginal-stool-microbial-signatures-endometriosis

• bacterial contamination hypothesis

hidalgo-2010-pancreatic-cancer-nejm-review

• KRAS
• stroma
• pancreatic cancer
• Tumor microenvironment
• microbiome-host interactions
• pancreatitis
• inflammatory bowel disease
• microbiome-targeted therapy

hiremath-2021-zinc-ppd-case-control

• trace element supplementation

hisamatsu-2025-salivary-streptococcus-statin-therapy-older-adults

• statins
• drug repurposing

hoffelner-2025-emerging-therapy-targets-microbiome-cvd

• antibiotics

hoffman-2020-microbiome-stress-neurodevelopment-schizophrenia

• short chain fatty acids

hoffman-2023-dietary-strategies-eae-ms

• gut-dysbiosis
• short chain fatty acids
• Th17
• Treg
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• Mediterranean-diet

hopfner-2025-infant-formula-dietary-exposure-elements-germany

• inorganic arsenic

houser-2019-microbiome-inflammation-disease-progression-parkinsons

• microbiome
• alpha synuclein
• DMT1

hsu-2024-zinc-dysmenorrhea-meta-analysis

• dysmenorrhea

hu-2016-nickel-contamination-antibiotic-resistance-soils

• antibiotic-resistance-genes
• horizontal gene transfer
• horizontal gene transfer

hu-2023-amino-acids-cvd-mendelian-randomization

• alanine
• serine
• leucine
• BCAA
• ischemic stroke
• Tyrosine
• glycine
• coronary artery disease
• myocardial infarction
• Serine
• gut microbiome

hu-2024-gut-microbiota-chd-mendelian-randomization

• mendelian randomization
• ^[35]
• ^[37]
• ^[53]
• ^[54]
• microbial biomarkers

hu-2025-traffic-air-pollution-hdp-postpartum-depression

• air pollution
• hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
• inflammatory pathways
• metals and mental health
• trace metals
• HPA axis

hu-rayman-2017-nutritional-factors-hashimotos-review

• vitamin-d

huang-2019-gut-microbiota-cerebral-palsy-epilepsy

• bacteroides

huang-2021-microbiome-statistical-modeling-asd-neurobehavioral

• ^[31]
• ^[55]

huang-2021-tryptophan-metabolites-working-memory-cortical-thickness-schizophrenia

• dysbiosis

huang-2022-dietary-fiber-probiotics-constipation-cp

• bacteroides

huang-2022-probiotics-dietary-fiber-antipsychotic-weight-gain-rct

• bifidobacterium

huo-2021-bifidobacterium-longum-methimazole-graves

• Bifidobacterium longum
• methimazole
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• Ligilactobacillus salivarius
• Lactococcus lactis
• gut-brain axis
• gut-thyroid axis
• Bifidobacterium adolescentis
• B. angulatum
• B. breve
• B. longum
• Blautia hansenii
• Clostridium estertheticum
• Haemophilus parainfluenzae
• klebsiella pneumoniae

huxley-2005-diabetes-pancreatic-cancer-meta-analysis

• type 2 diabetes
• pancreatic cancer
• NSAIDs
• metformin
• gut microbiome
• metabolic pathways
• microbial metabolites
• Comorbidities

ibrahim-2022-aluminum-exposure-infant-formulas-lebanon

• ^[38]

ignatova-2023-biomarkers-ms-review

• Tryptophan

iida-2019-metabolomics-atherosclerosis-cvd-epidemiology

• oxidative stress

imran-2019-co-selection-antibiotic-resistance-metal-microplastic

• Microplastics
• antibiotic-resistance-genes
• horizontal gene transfer

irfan-2017-comparative-heavy-metals-ra

• immune dysregulation
• nickel toxicology
• autoimmunity

ishaq-2017-gut-microbial-composition-hashimotos

• hashimotos thyroiditis
• Prevotella_9
• dialister
• Escherichia-Shigella
• parasutterella
• bacteroides vulgatus
• Clostridium leptum
• proteobacteria
• intestinal permeability

islam-2022-metal-toxicity-alzheimers-extensive-review

• iron-dysregulation
• Chelation-therapy
• copper-dysregulation
• zinc-homeostasis
• amyloid-beta-aggregation

ismail-2025-mechanisms-gerd-development-systematic-review

• gerd
• TNF-alpha
• IL-6
• microbiome
• streptococcus
• prevotella
• obesity
• TRPV1

jackson-2012-arsenic-infant-formulas-first-foods

• inorganic arsenic

jacobs-2022-crohns-remission-obesity-mli-microbiome

• ^[56]

jacobson-2022-environmental-chemicals-perinatal-psychopathology

• endocrine disruption
• neurotransmitter
• immune activation
• endocrine disrupting chemicals
• HPA axis
• dopamine

jakubowska-2024-metal-toxicity-alzheimers-review

• amyloid-beta-aggregation
• tau-phosphorylation
• chelation-therapy
• zinc-homeostasis
• copper-dysregulation

jayasinghe-2022-diet-gut-microbiome-ms-review

• Vitamin-D
• Nrf2
• Vitamin-A
• ^[40]

ji-2025-nickel-exposure-parkinsons-microbiome

• microbiome

jiang-2021-copper-pcos-meta-analysis

• luteinizing hormone
• endocrine disruptors
• autism spectrum disorders

jiang-2021-gut-dysbiosis-treg-th17-graves

• Short-Chain Fatty Acids
• nf kappa b
• oxidative stress

jiang-2023-gut-microbiome-metabolites-graves

• Short-Chain Fatty Acids
• nf kappa b
• iodine

jo-2022-oral-dysbiosis-parkinsons-systematic-review

• microbiome

jones-2022-gut-microbiome-changes-young-autistic-children

• ^[55]
• ^[31]

jones-2026-amylase-degradable-copper-starch-nanoparticles-saureus

• antimicrobial metals

juarez-2020-exposome-cvd-racial-disparities

• oxidative stress

jung-2011-epidemiology-gerd-asia-systematic-review

• gerd

kaelin-2022-gut-virome-signatures-preceding-nec

• interkingdom-relationships
• staphylococcus
• necrotizing enterocolitis signature

kahaly-2022-graves-disease-targeted-therapy-review

• JAK/STAT pathway
• nf kappa b

kajfasz-2026-zinc-enhanced-phenazine-antimicrobial-gram-positive

• streptococcus mutans
• antimicrobial metals
• labile metal pool

kamath-2025-gut-microbiome-mental-health-causation-correlation-review

• anxiety
• PTSD

kang-2023-diagnosis-crohns-uc-microbiome

• ^[57]

kao-2018-prebiotics-cognition-weight-gain-schizophrenia

• schizophrenia

karimi-2025-probiotics-synbiotics-thyroid-meta-analysis

• synbiotics

kashyap-2014-pgrps-kill-bacteria-metal-stress

• peptidoglycan-recognition-proteins

katrak-2026-oral-hygiene-agents-streptococcus-mutans-zinc

• streptococcus mutans
• antimicrobial metals
• oral microbiome

katzsand-2018-diet-ms-mechanistic-review

• Mediterranean-diet
• Saturated-fat
• PUFA

kaur-2022-current-perspectives-parkinsons-microbiome

• microbiome

kawar-2021-salivary-microbiome-gerd-ppi

• gerd
• salivary microbiome
• Prevotella melaninogenica
• Prevotella pallens
• Solobacterium moorei
• leptotrichia

kazemian-2020-gut-microbiota-cad-opportunities

• immune response
• metabolic pathways
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbial metabolites
• mendelian randomization
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome and disease progression

keshavarzian-2024-nutrition-neuroinflammation-parkinsons-microbiome

• microbiome

khalili-2024-mediterranean-diet-later-onset-crohns

• ^[58]
• ^[59]

khan-2011-novel-approach-enterobacteriaceae-identification-clinical

• enterobacteriaceae
• klebsiella pneumoniae
• escherichia coli

khan-2016-intrauterine-microbial-colonization-endometriosis

• bacterial contamination hypothesis

khan-2018-bacterial-contamination-hypothesis-endometriosis

• oxidative stress
• bacterial contamination hypothesis

khatoon-2023-gut-microbiota-neurodegenerative

• gut microbiome
• BBB-dysfunction
• kynurenine pathway
• short chain fatty acids
• fmt intervention

khochtali-2025-pcob-copper-efflux-disordered-region-caulobacter

• copper-toxicity
• iron sulfur clusters
• protein-quality-control
• antimicrobial metals
• caulobacter
• metalloprotein

khorsand-2022-enterobacteriaceae-ecoli-ibd-ibdmdb-metagenomics

• aerobactin
• siderophores
• citrobacter
• morganella morganii
• crohns disease signature

kim-2025-inhalational-exposure-gastroesophageal-disease-meta-analysis

• particulate matter
• esophagitis
• gerd
• barretts esophagus
• heavy metals

kinross-2011-gut-microbiome-host-interactions-health-disease

• ^[60]

kirmizi-2020-heavy-metals-pcos

• hirsutism
• antimony
• zinc deficiency

kita-2020-ferrichrome-probiotics-pancreatic-cancer

• pancreatic cancer
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• drug repurposing
• microbiome-host interactions

klann-2022-microbiome-mitochondria-prodromal-parkinsons

• microbiome
• dysbiosis
• reactive-oxygen-species

kleeff-2016-pancreatic-cancer-primer

• pancreatic cancer
• type 2 diabetes
• pancreatitis
• KRAS
• stroma
• tumor microenvironment
• fatty acids
• microbiome
• Chronic pancreatitis

knights-2014-host-genetics-microbiome-ibd

• ^[56]

knip-2017-modulation-t1d-risk-intestinal-microbiome

• bacteroides

kong-2021-ketogenic-diet-colitis-ilc3-microbiome

• ^[61]

kraeuter-2026-ketogenic-diet-fmt-sensorimotor-gating-schizophrenia-mice

• fmt intervention
• NMDA-receptor
• gut microbiome
• prepulse-inhibition

krajewski-2025-heavy-metals-microbiome-metabolites-adhd-behavior

• phenylalanine
• Clostridia
• pseudomonas aeruginosa
• gut microbiome
• proteobacteria
• escherichia coli
• akkermansia muciniphila
• Bacillus cereus
• Lactobacillus rhamnosus
• gut-brain axis

krajewski-2025-heavy-metals-microbiome-metabolites-children-behavior

• heavy metals

kravchenko-2023-thyroid-hormones-minerals-AITD

• autoimmune thyroid disease
• hashimotos thyroiditis
• iodine
• magnesium
• calcium

krawczyk-2025-fmt-fungal-archaeal-species-rat-schizophrenia-model

• fmt intervention
• gut microbiome
• kynurenine pathway
• animal-model
• archaea

kun-2023-microbiota-thyroid-cancer

• Thyroid cancer
• heavy metals
• microbiota

kuo-2024-low-level-lead-cadmium-ckd-mortality

• chronic kidney disease
• all-cause mortality
• environmental justice
• immune dysfunction

kuo-2025-smoking-alcohol-dysmenorrhea-taiwan

• dysmenorrhea

kurdoglu-2012-trace-elements-pcos

• metal dyshomeostasis

kwak-2023-psychobiotics-fmt-asd-adhd

• eubacterium rectale
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii

lai-2019-16s-rrna-6ohda-gut-microbiome-parkinsons

• 16S-rRNA-sequencing

laudisio-2022-antidepressants-parkinsons-microbiome

• microbiome

lazarova-2021-graves-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors

• HLA
• iodine
• oxidative stress

lechien-2020-laryngopharyngeal-reflux-dental-disorders-systematic-review

• gerd
• oral microbiota

lee-2021-peritoneal-microbiota-ovarian-endometrioma

• bacterial contamination hypothesis

lehmler-2018-tin-exposure-nhanes-us-population

• Tin Toxicity
• dietary-metal-exposure
• Metal Bioaccumulation
• Developmental Toxicology
• Environmental Justice
• ^[62]
• ^[27]

lei-2015-infertility-lead-cadmium-arsenic-taiwan

• Chinese herbal medicine
• endocrine disruption

lei-2018-h2s-endometrial-stromal-cells-nfkb

• endocrine disruption

leichtle-2012-serum-amino-acid-profiles-crc

• amino acid
• colorectal cancer
• ^[63]
• ^[64]
• gut microbiome

lenner-2025-compatibility-intracellular-binding-metal-sensor-design

• Irving-Williams-series
• metalloregulator
• labile metal pool

leshem-2019-fmt-cardiometabolic-syndrome

• fmt intervention
• cardiometabolic syndrome
• insulin
• gut microbiome
• metabolic syndrome

leung-2022-lower-fiber-pcos-meta-analysis

• dietary fiber
• short chain fatty acids

lewandowska-2022-microbiota-asd-systematic-review

• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes

li-2019-heavy-metal-metabolic-health-gut-microbiome

• ^[46]
• ^[21]
• ^[65]
• heavy metals and metabolic disease
• ^[66]
• environmental metal exposure

li-2020-dietary-fiber-depression-premenopausal-swan

• scfa

li-2021-fmt-gi-autism-symptoms-open-label

• Eubacterium coprostanoligenes

li-2021-gut-microbiome-brain-structure-function-schizophrenia

• ruminococcus
• roseburia
• veillonella

li-2023-diabetes-dietary-cadmium-china

• diet-heavy-metal-exposure

li-2023-gut-microbiota-asd-bidirectional-mr

• Prevotellaceae
• autism spectrum disorder signature

li-2023-phage-based-peptides-pancreatic-cancer

• virome
• pancreatic cancer
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• tumor microbiome
• drug repurposing
• microbial biomarkers
• microbiome signature

li-2024-alterations-gut-microbiota-schizophrenia-vote-counting

• Lactobacillaceae
• enterobacteriaceae
• lactobacillus
• prevotella
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• roseburia
• coprococcus

li-2024-integrative-gut-microbiome-transcriptome-hashimotos

• immune response

li-2024-microbiome-targeted-therapy-parkinsons

• fmt intervention

li-2024-oral-lyophilized-fmt-asd-children

• blautia
• Sellimonas
• dorea
• Saccharomycopsis
• Cystobasidium
• Fusicatenibacter
• Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003
• saccharomyces
• Rhodotorula
• Cutaneotrichosporon
• Zygosaccharomyces

li-2025-acupuncture-autoimmune-thyroiditis-microbiota-palmitic-acid

• Acupuncture
• palmitic acid

li-2025-viral-infection-thyroid-disorders-review

• HSV
• EBV
• Hepatitis C virus
• parvovirus B19
• autoimmune thyroid diseases
• HHV-6
• HPV
• hashimotos thyroiditis
• SARS-CoV-2

li-2026-ibd-male-ed-mechanistic-review

• erectile dysfunction signature
• gut penis axis
• enos
• th17-treg-balance

liang-2021-hpylori-oral-microbiota-reflux-esophagitis

• bacteroidetes
• firmicutes
• prevotella
• veillonella
• leptotrichia
• actinomyces
• streptococcus
• helicobacter pylori

libbey-2018-diet-microbiota-eae

• experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis
• glycolysis
• TCA-cycle

lieu-2020-amino-acids-cancer

• Amino acids
• Glutamine
• Tryptophan
• kynurenine
• gut microbiome
• AhR ligands
• Warburg effect
• colorectal cancer
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• ^[67]
• ^[68]
• ^[63]

lim-2023-plasma-metallomics-ami

• metal-exposure

lin-2022-probiotics-thyroidectomy-oral-gut-dysbiosis-rct

• oral microbiome
• gut thyroid axis

lin-2024-meta-analysis-gut-microbiota-ms

• actinomyces

lin-2025-nec-serum-metabolomics-fecal-microbiome

• staphylococcus

ling-2020-fecal-fungal-dysbiosis-alzheimers

• saccharomyces

ling-2024-fungal-dysbiosis-gut-brain-axis

• Dectin-1
• TLR2
• tlr4

ling-2025-fecal-mycobiota-elderly-chinese-schizophrenia-purpureocillium

• candida
• mycobiome-enterotype

ling-2025-gut-mycobiota-dysbiosis-immune-dysfunction-schizophrenia-metabolic-syndrome

• candida albicans
• saccharomyces cerevisiae

ling-2025-gut-mycobiota-schizophrenia-metabolic-syndrome-trichosporon

• trichosporon asahii
• lodderomyces elongisporus
• pleurotus-ostreatus

liu-2013-bacterial-biota-distal-esophagus-reflux-esophagitis-barretts

• barretts esophagus
• proteobacteria
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• actinobacteria
• streptococcus
• Fusobacteria
• veillonella
• prevotella

liu-2018-gut-microbiome-rosuvastatin-lipid-lowering

• statins
• statin

liu-2019-altered-gut-microbiota-scfa-chinese-children-asd

• Ruminococcaceae
• eubacterium
• lachnospiraceae
• Erysipelotrichaceae
• Acidobacteria
• enterobacteriaceae
• Veillonellaceae
• Pseudomonadaceae
• Megamonas
• Streptococcaceae
• Lactobacillaceae
• Clostridiaceae_1
• Desulfovibrionaceae
• Barnesiella
• Coprobacter
• Olsenella
• allisonella
• Actinomycetaceae
• Holdemanella

liu-2019-altered-microbiota-composition-asd-systematic-review

• autism spectrum disorder signature

liu-2019-gut-microbiota-scfas-asd-chinese-children

• Ruminococcaceae
• eubacterium
• lachnospiraceae
• Erysipelotrichaceae
• Barnesiella
• Coprobacter
• Acidobacteria
• Actinomycetaceae
• Veillonellaceae
• enterobacteriaceae
• Streptococcaceae
• Desulfovibrionaceae
• Clostridiales
• Lactobacillales
• Erysipelotrichales

liu-2020-high-fat-diet-heavy-metal-gut-microbiota-kidney

• bacteroides

liu-2020-high-fat-diet-heavy-metal-gut-microbiota

• heavy metals
• Cadmium Toxicity
• Lead Toxicity
• short chain fatty acids
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• bile acid metabolism

liu-2021-args-colorectal-cancer-microbiome

• antibiotic resistance genes
• escherichia coli
• ^[45]
• ^[69]
• ^[70]
• ^[43]
• ^[71]

liu-2022-fmt-restores-ckd-rats

• bacteroides uniformis
• uremic-toxins

liu-2022-mr-gut-microbial-genera-ibd-uc-cd

• ^[72]

liu-2022-probiotics-gut-microbiome-gerd-rabeprazole-rct

• gut microbiome
• probiotics
• gerd
• Lactobacillus casei
• Bifidobacterium lactis
• Lactobacillus plantarum

liu-2023-cadmium-microbiota-metabolome-rats

• inflammation
• oxidative stress

liu-2023-environmental-cadmium-rat-microbiota-metabolome

• muribaculaceae
• corynebacterium
• intestinal-barrier
• leaky-gut
• uremic-toxins
• cadmium-gut-dysbiosis

liu-2024-bidirectional-mr-gut-microbiota-gerd-barretts

• haemophilus

liu-2024-causal-gut-microbiota-gerd-be-bidirectional-mr

• mendelian randomization
• gerd
• barretts esophagus
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• Tenericutes
• Bacteroidia
• haemophilus

liu-2024-copper-pcos-ivf

• lipid metabolism
• metal dyshomeostasis

liu-2024-gut-microbiota-hidradenitis-suppurativa-mr

• ^[73]

liu-2025-low-concentration-metals-ckd-alpha-klotho

• Thallium
• Alpha-klotho
• alpha klotho
• chronic kidney disease

liu-2026-oral-microbiome-ckd-mendelian-randomization

• fusobacteriales
• rothia

loke-2018-metabolomics-16s-crc-mucosa

• tryptophan

lombardi-2020-snas-probiotics-dysbiosis

• nickel-obesity

londono-2025-epr-manganese-antioxidant-borrelia-burgdorferi

• fenton chemistry
• superoxide dismutase
• labile metal pool
• Lyme-disease
• metal speciation
• radiation-resistance

long-2025-metformin-liraglutide-pcos-rct-gut-microbiome

• polycystic-ovary-syndrome
• metformin
• liraglutide
• glp-1-receptor-agonists
• pcos signature
• pcos-metformin-liraglutide-combination

loomes-2017-male-female-ratio-asd-meta-analysis

• autism spectrum disorder signature

lopez-botella-2023-peritoneal-fluid-metals-endometriosis

• endocrine disruption
• vegetarian-diet

lrrk2-metabolomics-parkinsons-profiling

• tryptophan metabolism
• microbiome

lu-2019-constipation-esrd-risk-ckd

• gut-transit-time

lu-2021-maternal-ahr-activation-protects-nec

• breast-milk

lu-2022-scfas-cardiovascular-metabolic-disease

• inflammation
• oxidative stress

lu-2024-ibd-extraintestinal-manifestations-microbiota-mr

• ^[74]

lubomski-2022-gut-dysbiosis-disease-progression-parkinsons

• microbiome

luo-2022-gut-microbiota-metabolites-heart-failure-mr

• heart failure
• microbial metabolites
• metabolic pathways
• microbiome and immune system
• ^[35]
• ^[37]
• microbiome-derived metabolites

luo-2023-causal-gut-microbiota-ckd-mendelian-randomization

• eubacterium eligens

luo-2023-fermented-dairy-depressive-symptoms-meta-analysis

• calcium

luo-2025-microbiome-metabolome-interplay-pancreatic-cancer

• pancreatic cancer
• metabolomics
• microbiome signature
• metabolic pathways
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• amino acids
• functional microbiome shifts

luo-2025-serum-metabolomics-hashimotos-tgab-tpoab

• bile acid metabolism

luqman-2024-intestinal-microbiome-cvd-intervention

• bile acid metabolism
• antibiotics
• Antibiotics

luqman-2024-intestinal-microbiome-cvd-therapeutic

• functional microbiome shifts
• cardiovascular disease
• microbial metabolites
• metabolic pathways
• microbiome and disease progression
• virome
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome composition

luu-2022-upper-gi-microbiota-children-reflux-metaplasia

• campylobacter

luu-2022-upper-gi-microbiotas-children-reflux-oesophagitis-metaplasia

• prevotella
• Prevotella melaninogenica
• Proton pump inhibitor

lyu-2024-care-mode-gut-microbiota-cp-children

• bacteroides
• oscillibacter

ma-2018-ketogenic-diet-neurovascular-function-gut-microbiome-mice

• ketogenic diet
• akkermansia muciniphila
• gut microbiome
• cardiovascular disease

ma-2021-dietary-fiber-gut-microbiome-inflammation-men

• prevotella copri
• CRP
• gut microbiome
• Clostridiales
• cardiovascular disease

ma-2025-zntr-zinc-homeostasis-pathogenicity-riemerella

• metalloregulator
• Irving-Williams-series
• fenton chemistry
• virulence

macsharry-2024-endometriosis-vaginal-microbiota-n-glycome

• endometriosis
• bacterial contamination hypothesis

mahalingaiah-2018-air-pollution-menstrual-disorders

• air pollution
• endocrine disruption
• reproductive health
• metals and mental health
• metal toxicology

maher-2024-synbiotics-immunomodulation-pdac-resection

• synbiotics
• synbiotics
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• microbiome and inflammation
• NF-kB
• dietary fiber
• microbiome-derived metabolites

maier-2019-nickel-microbial-pathogenesis

• helicobacter hepaticus

major-2018-cvd-risk-factors-ckd-systematic-review

• chronic kidney disease
• microbial metabolites
• gut barrier function
• ^[75]
• meta-analysis

maret-ouda-2020-gerd-review-jama

• gerd

maric-2023-nickel-thyroid-function

• nickel allergy

marlow-2013-mediterranean-diet-transcriptomics-crohns

• ^[74]

martin-2022-manganese-homeostasis-stress-pathogenesis

• fenton chemistry

maurya-2020-arg-soil-microbiomes-co-selection

• Efflux pumps
• efflux-pumps
• horizontal gene transfer
• horizontal gene transfer

mavropoulos-2005-ketogenic-diet-pcos

• fertility
• SHBG
• hyperinsulinemia
• ketogenic diet
• low-carbohydrate diet
• dietary intervention
• weight loss

mcdermott-2020-arsenic-gastrointestinal-tract-microbiome

• microbiome composition
• short chain fatty acids
• Desulfosporosinus
• Environmental Exposures

mcfarlane-2025-manganese-sparing-response-rsac-saureus-infection

• superoxide dismutase
• gene regulation
• virulence

mcginley-2021-diagnosis-treatment-ms-review

• microbial-metabolites

mcleod-2023-bridge-crc-mediterranean-diet-trial

• mediterranean diet
• bile acid
• gut microbiome
• ^[67]
• ^[76]
• ^[71]
• ^[70]
• ^[43]

mehmood-2020-high-fiber-diet-cvd-microbiome-review

• cardiovascular disease
• MACE
• TMA
• GPCR
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• gut dysbiosis
• CRP
• gut-brain axis
• mediterranean diet

mei-2022-mediterranean-low-carb-pcos

• low-carbohydrate diet

melamed-2022-eae-advantages-limitations-microbiome-ms

• saresella-2017-diet-modulation-microbiome-ms-pilot

meli-2024-baby-food-chemical-characterization-italy

• antimony
• infant exposure

mendelian-randomization-2024-dietary-factors-parkinsons

• mendelian randomization
• microbiome

mendes-2025-microbiome-modulating-drugs-parkinsons

• microbiome

mermans-2019-nsaids-gut-microbiome-chronic-inflammation

• ^[60]

mertsalmi-2021-viral-gut-microbiota-parkinsons

• virome
• TLR3
• TLR7
• TLR9
• TLR

mertsalmi-2023-statins-parkinsons-microbiome

• microbiome

metz-2019-drug-discovery-bft-inhibition

• bile acid
• bacteroides fragilis
• ^[44]
• ^[69]
• ^[71]
• ^[77]
• ^[78]
• ^[79]
• ^[67]

mian-2022-editorial-diet-impair-thyroid-function

• vitamin D
• methimazole
• thyroid function
• PFAS
• omega-3
• thyroid cancer

michetti-2025-galleria-mellonella-pseudomonas-zinc-starvation

• Pseudomonas-aeruginosa
• siderophore
• virulence

microbiome-diet-endometriosis-food-tables

• endometriosis

microbiota-gut-brain-axis-neurodevelopmental-review

• bacteroidetes
• kynurenine
• calcium

minerbi-2019-altered-microbiome-fibromyalgia

• fibromyalgia signature
• bacteroides
• scfa

miranda-2022-metalloid-antibiotic-resistance-ckd-gut

• pseudomonas aeruginosa

mirza-2024-mediterranean-diet-pediatric-ms-microbiota

• methanobrevibacter
• Mediterranean-diet

mishra-2022-molecular-mechanisms-heavy-metals-ckd

• chronic kidney disease
• oxidative stress
• Epigenetic modifications

mislankar-2013-low-nickel-diet-scoring

• BraMa-Ni diet

mizutani-2025-biliary-microbiome-16s-rrna-pdac-cca

• microbiome
• pancreatic cancer
• metabolic pathways
• 16S rRNA sequencing
• microbiome signature
• Fungal microbiota
• microbial metabolites

mohsen-2025-ms-gut-microbiome-immune-interaction

• tryptophan
• bacteroides fragilis

mok-2024-fungal-gut-pediatric-ms

• saccharomyces

moody-2018-toxic-metals-ckd-systematic-review

• chronic kidney disease
• chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology

moon-2024-physiological-cost-antibiotic-resistance-ribosome-magnesium

• ribosome
• metal sensing

mr-2024-gut-microbiome-parkinsons-metagenomics

• shotgun metagenomics
• mendelian randomization
• microbiome
• tlr4

mr-2024-gut-microbiota-cognitive-impairment-parkinsons

• mendelian randomization

naaz-2022-fennel-oil-antimicrobial-antioxidant

• fennel
• trans-anethole
• essential-oils

nalls-2015-causal-microbiome-parkinsons-genetics

• microbiome

nalls-2021-mendelian-randomization-microbiome-parkinsons-causality

• microbiome

nannan-2025-probiotics-rabeprazole-gut-microbiota-gerd

• rabeprazole
• gut microbiome
• gerd
• CRP

navaretnam-2025-arsenic-speciation-rice-hplc-icpms

• rice
• inorganic-arsenic

neggers-2007-dietary-nutrients-bacterial-vaginosis

• fat intake
• bacterial vaginosis
• folate
• vitamin E
• calcium
• Protein
• vaginal pH
• antioxidant

newell-2016-ketogenic-diet-microbiota-btbr-mouse-asd

• akkermansia muciniphila
• Clostridium coccoides
• Clostridium leptum
• enterobacteriaceae

nguyen-2024-fluorescent-zinc-sensors-aerobic-anaerobic-ecoli

• gut microbiome
• metal sensing

ni-2020-fecal-metabolomics-gut-microbiota-endometriosis-mice

• metabolites

ni-2022-gut-microbiota-psychiatric-disorders-mendelian-randomization

• clostridium

nickel-sex-differences-parkinsons-reference

• microbiome

niehoff-2021-metals-breast-cancer-toenail

• molybdenum
• antimony
• metalloestrogens

nies-2025-flow-equilibrium-model-mis-metalation-zinc

• Irving-Williams-series
• labile metal pool
• metalloregulator

nishiwaki-2024-meta-analysis-shotgun-parkinsons-riboflavin-biotin

• roseburia intestinalis
• riboflavin
• biotin
• scfas
• polyamines
• mucus-layer

niu-2019-intestinal-microbiota-probiotics-asd-china

• bacteroidetes
• blautia
• lachnospira

nkondjock-2005-fatty-acids-pancreatic-cancer-risk

• pancreatic cancer
• fatty acids
• Fatty acids
• gut microbiome
• microbiome diet
• mediterranean diet
• microbial metabolites
• metabolic pathways

nong-2026-sod-deficiency-oxidative-stress-ecoli

• superoxide dismutase
• iron sulfur clusters
• siderophore
• pentose-phosphate-pathway
• labile metal pool

noormohammadi-2022-dietary-acid-load-bv

• bacterial vaginosis
• Dietary acid load

noormohammadi-2022-dietary-patterns-bv

• bacterial vaginosis

novelli-2000-toxic-mechanism-nickel-cardiac-tissue

• ^[80]

nsaids-2023-parkinsons-microbiome

• mendelian randomization
• microbiome

nucera-2024-non-essential-heavy-metals-cvd-systematic-review

• endothelial-dysfunction
• cardiovascular disease signature

ocal-2025-gut-brain-axis-pancreatic-cystic-neoplasms

• gut-brain axis
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• 16S rRNA sequencing
• dysbiosis
• pancreatic cancer
• microbiome and gut-brain axis
• microbiome and inflammation

ochoa-reparaz-2018-gut-microbiome-ms

• bacteroides fragilis
• Tregs

ogrady-2025-metal-dyshomeostasis-asd

• zinc deficiency

olde-loohuis-2018-blood-microbial-diversity-schizophrenia-transcriptome

• schizophrenia

onofrijchuk-2025-ibs-rifaximin-autoimmune-thyroiditis-hypothyroidism

• rifaximin
• SIBO

opoku-2024-calcium-rescues-streptococcus-pneumoniae-manganese-toxicity

• calcium
• Streptococcus-pneumoniae
• virulence

osman-2018-16s-rrna-crc-protocols-workflows

• microbiome-composition

ostadmohammadi-2019-vitamin-d-probiotic-pcos

• vitamin D
• inflammatory markers
• testosterone
• hirsutism
• hs-CRP
• malondialdehyde
• SHBG

otaegui-chivite-2025-mycobiota-ms-progression

• malassezia

ouattara-2025-prrf-srnas-brnd-iron-peroxide-pseudomonas

• fenton chemistry
• sRNA
• Pseudomonas-aeruginosa
• metal sensing

oudova-rivera-2026-copper-niche-ammonia-oxidizers

• copper-toxicity
• metalloenzyme
• niche-partitioning
• nitrogen-cycle
• antimicrobial metals

pacor-2003-nickel-recurrent-aphthous-stomatitis

• recurrent aphthous stomatitis

paeslack-2022-tryptophan-metabolites-vascular-inflammation-cvd

• oxidative stress

palkova-2021-16s-primer-sets-asd-microbiota

• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• ^[31]
• autism spectrum disorder signature

palmer-2026-ph-dependent-riboswitch-manganese-sensing

• labile metal pool
• superoxide dismutase
• gene regulation
• riboswitch

pandey-2021-galbofloxacin-gallium-siderophore-staph

• siderophores

panebianco-2023-gemcitabine-probiotics-pancreatic-cancer-dysbiosis

• pancreatic cancer
• 16S rRNA sequencing
• metabolomics
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• microbial metabolites
• metabolic pathways
• microbiome and disease progression
• synbiotics

park-2020-nerd-treatment-esophageal-microbiome-dynamics

• NERD
• IL-6
• IL-8
• NF-kB
• TNF-alpha
• TRPV1
• streptococcus
• haemophilus
• prevotella
• veillonella
• Neisseria
• Granulicatella

park-2020-nerd-treatment-esophageal-microbiome

• haemophilus

park-2025-gut-immune-brain-axis-health-disease

• gut microbiome
• short chain fatty acids
• tryptophan
• bile acid metabolism

parodi-2021-gut-brain-axis-ms-trigger-or-consequence

• bile acid metabolism

parrish-2025-blood-dna-virome-autoimmune-diseases

• rheumatoid arthritis
• autoimmune thyroid diseases
• hashimotos thyroiditis
• ^[81]

passari-2023-siderophores-medical-applications

• siderophores

passeri-2024-recent-advances-therapeutics-alzheimers

• Chelation-therapy
• copper-dysregulation
• zinc-homeostasis
• dietary-interventions

paterson-2025-metal-chelator-resistance-cell-wall-saureus

• calcium
• cell-wall
• antimicrobial metals

patil-2021-infection-metallomics-covid-era

• siderophores

patil-2021-infection-metallomics-critical-care

• virulence factors
• COVID-19
• mass-spectrometry
• metal-chelation

patrono-2021-schizophrenia-gut-microbiota-optogenetics-nmda-gaba

• GABA
• streptococcus
• lactobacillus
• haemophilus
• coprococcus

paul-2019-biomarkers-ms

• Neurofilament light chain

pavlic-2021-nickel-bacterial-adhesion-biofilm-orthodontic

• oral microbiome

pendergrass-2026-heavy-metals-obesity-epidemic

• Insulin resistance
• short chain fatty acids

pendergrass-2026-microbial-metallomics-parkinsons-ferroptosis

• gut brain axis
• short chain fatty acids

pendergrass-2026-nickel-nec-preterm-gut

• nickel-dependent enzymes
• Nutritional immunity
• Urease

pendergrass-2026-pheomelanin-neuromelanin-parkinsons-redheads

• oxidative stress
• Metallomics

peng-2023-gut-microbiome-brain-metabolic-remodeling-cp-epilepsy

• kynurenine pathway

peralta-marzal-2024-robust-microbiome-signature-asd-machine-learning

• lachnospiraceae
• lachnospira
• Sarcina
• enterobacteriaceae
• Anaerotruncus
• Butyricicoccus
• Eubacterium eligens
• Oscillospira
• collinsella
• p cresol

pereira-2020-oral-microbiome-early-parkinsons

• microbiome

perez-pardo-2018-microbiome-therapies-parkinsons

• fmt intervention

perez-pardo-2022-toll-like-receptors-parkinsons-microbiome-gut-brain

• toll like receptors
• microbiome
• TLR2
• tlr4
• proteobacteria
• microglia
• ferroportin
• DMT1

perez-prieto-2024-gut-microbiome-endometriosis-1000-cohort

• microbiome

perrotta-2020-vaginal-microbiome-predict-rASRM-endometriosis

• biomarker
• bacterial contamination hypothesis

petzold-2010-oct-ms-systematic-review-meta-analysis

• microbial-metabolites
• tryptophan

phurailatpam-2022-heavy-metal-stress-omics-soil-plant-microbiome

• metabolomics
• heavy metals

pietrucci-2020-butyrogenic-fibers-parkinsons

• butyrate

plassais-2024-16s-amplicon-sequencing-parkinsons-eastern-europe

• 16S-rRNA-sequencing
• microbiome

ponomaryova-2022-adenomyosis-infertility-genital-intestinal-microbiota

• adenomyosis
• atopobium vaginae
• gut vagina axis
• adenomyosis-signature
• endometriosis signature
• bacterial-vaginosis-signature
• recurrent-implantation-failure
• siderophore competition

pourali-2024-microbiome-biomarker-therapeutic-target-pancreatic-cancer

• gut microbiome
• pancreatic cancer
• microenvironment
• microbial biomarkers
• 16S rRNA sequencing
• shotgun metagenomics
• antibiotics
• synbiotics
• virome
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• NF-kB
• microbiome composition
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbiome-targeted therapy

prakash-2024-rho-riboswitch-mntp-manganese-membrane-toxicity

• riboswitch
• metal sensing
• gene regulation

probiotics-treatment-2020-t1d-diabetes-review

• probiotics

puiggene-2026-ped-gene-cluster-pseudomonas-metal-cofactors

• pseudomonas aeruginosa
• siderophore
• metallochaperone
• rare-earth-elements
• metabolic-engineering

pulikkan-2018-gut-microbial-dysbiosis-indian-children-asd

• Lactobacillaceae
• Bifidobacteraceae
• Veillonellaceae
• Prevotellaceae
• Megasphaera
• Mitsuokella
• Ruminococcaceae
• heavy metals
• short chain fatty acids

puszkarz-2018-food-nutrition-hashimotos-prevention

• fatty acids
• dietary fiber
• vitamin D
• autoimmune thyroiditis
• thyroid peroxidase

qin-2020-smoking-dysmenorrhea-meta-analysis

• dysmenorrhea
• prostaglandin
• menstrual disorders
• endocrine disruptors

qiu-2023-gut-mycobiome-hypertension-ckd

• inflammation

racette-2017-manganese-parkinsonism-welders

• manganese neurotoxicity
• occupational metal exposure
• ^[46]
• ^[18]
• occupational metal co-exposures

rafter-2004-probiotics-colon-cancer-development

• colorectal cancer
• ^[82]
• ^[42]
• ^[43]
• bile acid
• ^[67]
• ^[44]

rahman-2022-gut-microbiota-cvd-therapeutic-regulation

• Metabolic-syndrome

rahman-2024-nigella-sativa-thymoquinone-thymol-antimicrobial

• nigella-sativa
• black-seed
• thymoquinone
• thymol
• quorum-sensing

ramezani-2023-synbiotic-hypothyroidism-rct

• synbiotics
• quality of life
• autoimmune
• streptococcus thermophilus
• fructo-oligosaccharides

rasin-2025-cadmium-exposure-health-review

• cardiovascular disease

razavi-2019-sex-gut-microbiome-cvd-risk

• sex-differences
• bile acid metabolism
• metabolites

rebelo-2021-enterococcus-metal-antibiotic-resistance

• enterococcus

rebelytics-2023-nickel-in-foods-summary

• Low-nickel diet
• Dietary nickel exposure

reddy-1998-prebiotics-probiotics-colon-cancer-prevention

• colorectal cancer
• Prebiotics
• Bifidobacteria
• Bifidobacterium longum
• ^[70]
• ^[76]
• ^[34]
• dietary fiber
• ^[42]

reddy-2002-omega3-fatty-acids-colon-cancer

• dietary fat
• PUFAs
• COX-2
• colorectal cancer
• drug repurposing
• ^[44]
• ^[67]
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• gut microbiome

reis-2024-manganese-excess-stress-mnx-synechocystis-mismetallation

• Irving-Williams-series
• ribosome
• metal sensing

ren-2025-gut-virome-schizophrenia-metagenomics

• akkermansia muciniphila

rezazadegan-2025-heavy-metals-gut-microbiota-systematic-review-nutritional

• probiotics

rho-2025-heavy-metals-kidney-function-korea

• chronic kidney disease

richardson-2018-toxic-metals-rat-gut-microbiota

• Arsenic Toxicity
• Cadmium Toxicity
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• microbiome signature
• Environmental Exposures

riederer-2021-iron-concert-master-parkinsons

• Hepcidin
• Neuromelanin
• COVID-19

roberts-2019-lactoferrin-genital-infections-iron

• bacterial vaginosis
• Trichomonas vaginalis
• ferritin
• heavy metals
• microbiome

rodziewicz-2024-gluten-free-diet-microbiome-autoimmune-thyroiditis

• gut microbiome
• autoimmune thyroiditis
• Desulfobacterota
• proteobacteria
• parasutterella
• Actinobacteriota
• Coriobacteriaceae
• tryptophan metabolism
• hashimotos thyroiditis

rogers-2016-gut-dysbiosis-altered-brain-function-mental-illness

• microbiome
• bifidobacterium

rogers-2016-gut-dysbiosis-brain-function-mental-illness

• tryptophan metabolism
• bifidobacterium

rohaun-2024-microbes-strategic-metalation-mononuclear-enzymes

• Irving-Williams-series
• cambialistic enzymes

rokoff-2023-metal-mixtures-maternal-depression

• metals and mental health
• HPA axis

romano-2021-microbiome-host-interactions-alzheimers

• microbiome-host-interactions

romano-2023-gut-microbiome-children-mental-health-umbrella-review

• dorea
• Oscillospira
• Barnesiella
• dialister
• veillonella
• Escherichia
• coprococcus

rosario-2019-constraint-based-modelling-microbiome-cometabolism-parkinsons

• microbiome
• tryptophan metabolism

rosario-2025-microbiome-host-cometabolism-parkinsons-alzheimers

• microbiome-host-interactions

rosenfeld-2017-gut-dysbiosis-animals-environmental-chemicals

• heavy metals
• Arsenic Toxicity
• Lead Toxicity
• lachnospiraceae
• Cadmium Toxicity
• bile acid metabolism
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• gut-brain axis

ross-2024-diet-gut-microbiome-interplay-health-disease

• gut microbiome
• mediterranean diet
• high-fiber diet
• ketogenic diet
• short chain fatty acids
• Polyphenols
• cardiovascular disease

ruggeri-2021-dietary-habits-oxidative-stress-hashimotos

• thyroid autoimmunity
• mediterranean diet
• advanced glycation end products
• oxidative stress
• glutathione peroxidase
• thioredoxin reductase

rusu-2015-risk-factors-asd-genetic-epigenetic-immune-environmental

• Heavy metals
• Mitochondrial dysfunction
• oxidative stress

ryan-2017-bile-acids-gut-microbiome-cardiometabolic-interactions

• bile acid metabolism
• microbiome-host-interactions

ryan-2017-microbiome-metabolome-cvd-interventions-apoe-mice

• metabolites

sabath-2012-renal-health-heavy-metal-nephrotoxicity

• Metallothionein
• chronic kidney disease
• DMT-1 transporter
• nickel toxicology
• mitochondrial dysfunction
• chelation therapy
• association-low-level-heavy-metal-ckd
• toxic-metals-ckd-systematic-review

sabeel-2025-microbiome-targeted-nanoplatforms-breast-cancer

• fusobacterium nucleatum
• bacteroides fragilis
• colorectal cancer
• ^[69]
• ^[71]
• ^[70]
• ^[76]
• ^[78]

sadeq-2021-microbiome-mediates-predation-heavy-metals

• heavy metals
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• Environmental Exposures
• microbiome causality
• bile acid metabolism
• short chain fatty acids

safadi-2021-gut-dysbiosis-severe-mental-illness-meta-analysis

• short chain fatty acids

salem-2023-syzygium-essential-oil-oral-pathogens

• syzygium
• myrtaceae
• caryophyllene-oxide
• squalene

sami-2023-human-milk-nutrients-preventing-nec

• calcium
• hmos

sampah-2021-prenatal-immunity-nec

• TLR4 signaling
• proteobacteria
• necrotizing enterocolitis signature

sampson-2019-microbiome-immune-system-parkinsons

• microglia

sampson-2020-microbiome-immune-function-parkinsons-functional

• microbiome
• short chain fatty acids

sampson-2023-drug-repurposing-microbiome-parkinsons

• microbiome

sampson-2024-microbiome-signature-parkinsons-multicohort

• microbiome

sanchez-rosario-2026-bmdc-metal-antimicrobial-mrsa-biofilm

• iron sulfur clusters
• Irving-Williams-series
• antimicrobial metals

santos-2022-microbiome-review-parkinsons-gut

• microbiome
• alpha synuclein

sarasa-buisan-2024-ancient-zinc-acquisition-cyanobacterial-exoproteome

• metallochaperone
• COG0523
• ocean-biogeochemistry

saresella-2017-diet-microbiome-immunology-ms

• lachnospiraceae
• Tregs

schilling-2020-urine-metallomics-pancreatic-cancer

• calcium

scholefield-2024-brain-metallomics-dementia

• ^[83]
• ^[84]
• ^[85]

schultz-2007-schizophrenia-review-afp

• schizophrenia

sealey-2016-environmental-factors-development-asd

• heavy metals

ser-2023-microbiome-endometriosis-narrative-review

• microbiome

serrano-fernandez-2023-high-fiber-diet-crohns-meta-analysis

• ^[59]

severance-2016-candida-albicans-exposures-sex-specificity-schizophrenia-bipolar

• bipolar-disorder
• sex-differences-microbiome

shaqran-2023-epidemiology-causes-management-gerd-systematic-review

• gerd
• barretts esophagus

sharma-2006-disulfiram-low-nickel-diet-hand-eczema

• disulfiram

shen-2024-migraine-gerd-depression-mendelian-randomization

• mendelian randomization
• gerd
• migraine
• depression
• gut-brain axis
• neuropeptides
• serotonin
• dopamine

shen-2025-amino-acid-metabolism-inflammation-chd

• arginine
• glutamate
• BCAAs
• tryptophan
• coronary heart disease
• macrophage
• Tryptophan
• Glutamine
• gut microbiome

shen-2025-amino-acids-gerd-mendelian-randomization-glutamate

• Glutamate
• gerd
• mendelian randomization
• inflammatory response
• glutamine
• histidine
• gut-brain axis

shen-2025-high-fat-low-fiber-diet-gut-resistome

• antimicrobial resistance
• cardiovascular disease

shi-2023-ppi-fungal-dysbiosis-gerd

• alternaria
• trichoderma

shi-2024-gut-microbiota-hypothyroidism-mendelian-randomization

• hypothyroidism
• Butyrivibrio
• Holdemania
• Anaerotstipes
• Intestinimonas
• Ruminiclostridium5

shin-2023-chromium-toxicogenomics

• DNA Damage

shivashankara-2010-dietary-polyphenols-bioavailability-cvd

• polyphenols
• dietary-polyphenols

shtrozberg-2025-gut-microbiome-fibromyalgia-review

• eisenbergiella
• nmda-receptor
• fibromyalgia signature

shu-2024-cinnamon-essential-oil-cinnamaldehyde-antibacterial

• cinnamon
• cinnamaldehyde
• essential-oils

shu-2024-probiotics-prebiotics-thyroid-function-meta-analysis

• thyroid hormone

siegmann-2020-graves-disease-depression-mechanistic

• nf kappa b
• oxidative stress

signes-pastor-2018-infant-arsenic-weaning-solid-food

• rice-cereal
• infant exposure

simin-2020-antibiotic-use-crc-risk

• antibiotic
• colorectal cancer
• ^[86]
• ^[69]
• ^[43]
• ^[71]
• ^[70]

simon-soro-2021-thonzonium-bromide-oral-gut-microbiomes

• ^[78]
• ^[77]
• ^[71]
• ^[79]

singh-2016-heavy-metal-tolerance-plants-omics

• metabolomics
• heavy metals
• Cadmium Toxicity
• Lead Toxicity

singh-2024-gut-brain-axis-cvd-review

• dysbiosis

singh-2024-microbes-myocardium-gut-brain-axis-cvd

• gut-brain axis
• microbiome and gut-brain axis
• cardiovascular disease
• microbiome and immune system
• microbiome-modulating drugs
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbiome and neuroinflammation
• antidepressants

smovrsnik-2023-heavy-metals-oxidative-stress-pcos

• oxidative stress

smovrsnik-2025-trace-elements-pcos

• leukocyte count
• luteinizing hormone (LH)
• xanthine oxidase
• lipid metabolism
• metal interactions

somppi-2017-non-thyroidal-illness-dampness-microbiota-t3

• non-thyroidal illness syndrome
• T3
• LT4
• DIO2
• hashimotos thyroiditis

song-2023-graves-depression-mechanistic-insight

• autoimmune
• thyroid-gut-microbiome-brain axis
• GD
• serotonin
• dopamine
• blood-brain barrier
• Gut dysbiosis
• gut-brain axis
• IDO
• tryptophan
• tryptophan metabolism

song-2025-microbiome-targeted-therapies-nafld-meta-analysis

• synbiotics
• cardiovascular disease
• metabolic syndrome

sorrentino-2020-amino-acid-metabolism-parkinsons-microbiome

• tryptophan metabolism

sospedra-2005-immunology-ms-review

• microbial-metabolites

spaggiari-2017-probiotics-hypothyroid-levothyroxine-rct

• gut thyroid axis

spencer-2018-vascular-pathology-ms-blood-brain-barrier

• Heavy-metals
• Gut-microbiome

spivak-2023-local-systemic-microbiome-derived-metabolites

• bile acid metabolism

spivak-2023-microbiome-derived-metabolites-local-systemic-effects

• short chain fatty acids
• bile acid metabolism
• tryptophan
• proteobacteria
• hashimotos thyroiditis

srivastava-2016-environmental-resistance-microbes-review

• horizontal gene transfer
• efflux-pumps
• horizontal gene transfer

stagaman-2024-oral-gut-microbiome-profiles-early-parkinsons

• microbiome

stephen-2025-manganese-sensing-riboswitch-aptamers-expression-platforms

• riboswitch
• gene regulation
• labile metal pool
• pH sensing
• metal sensing
• superoxide dismutase

stocken-2005-adjuvant-therapy-pancreatic-cancer-meta-analysis

• pancreatic cancer
• tumor microbiome
• gut microbiome
• Gemcitabine
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• microbiome composition

strati-2017-altered-gut-microbiota-mycobiota-asd

• collinsella
• Corynebacterium
• dorea
• alistipes
• bilophila
• dialister
• parabacteroides
• veillonella
• Escherichia/Shigella
• Clostridium cluster XVIII
• Gemmiger
• aspergillus
• Penicillium
• malassezia
• kynurenine
• short chain fatty acids
• bile acid

su-2020-gut-microbiota-immune-imbalance-graves

• Gut-Thyroid Axis
• nf kappa b
• oxidative stress
• iodine

su-2023-arsenic-brown-rice-benefits-risks

• rice
• inorganic-arsenic
• bladder-cancer
• lung-cancer

su-2023-gut-microbiota-ed-mr-6-taxa

• erectile dysfunction signature

sugihartono-2022-gastric-microbiota-h-pylori-gerd

• anaerobacillus
• rothia

sugihartono-2022-gastric-microbiota-hpylori-gerd

• microbiota
• gerd
• helicobacter pylori
• Anaerobacillus
• biomarker
• firmicutes
• Proteobacteriota
• Bacteroidota

sun-2019-asd-gut-microbiota-disorder-children

• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes

sun-2022-probio-m8-parkinsons-rct

• dopamine

sun-2023-pancreatic-infections-16s-rrna-pancreatitis

• 16S rRNA sequencing
• pancreatitis
• microbiome and disease progression
• antibiotics
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• virome
• metagenomic analysis

sun-2024-zinc-curcumin-cadmium-diabetic-nephropathy

• ruminococcaceae
• bacteroidales

sun-2025-sodium-butyrate-neuroinflammation-cardiac-arrest

• microbiome-gut-brain axis
• gut-brain axis
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome and immune system
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome and neuroinflammation
• cardiovascular disease

swidsinski-2017-colonic-microbiome-ms-ketogenic

• ketogenic diet
• ^[40]

swidsinski-2017-ketogenic-diet-colonic-microbiome-ms

• ^[30]

swierc-2022-nickel-intestinal-microbiota-disturbances

• nickel
• systemic nickel allergy syndrome
• low-nickel diet
• helicobacter pylori
• bifidobacterium
• lactobacillus
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• heavy metals

szeligowski-2020-gut-microbiome-schizophrenia-review

• saccharomyces cerevisiae
• roseburia
• coprococcus
• blautia
• tryptophan
• kynurenine
• BDNF

tachibana-2017-meta-analysis-comprehensive-interventions-preschool-asd

• Morton et al. 2023

taha-2025-microbiota-interventions-asd-systematic-review

• Lactobacillus plantarum
• bacteroides fragilis

takeda-2022-gut-microbiota-premenstrual-symptoms

• pmdd signature
• megasphaera
• anaerotaenia
• butyricicoccus
• extibacter

talantseva-2023-global-prevalence-asd-meta-analysis

• autism spectrum disorder signature

tamtaji-2017-probiotic-gene-expression-ms

• IL-8
• TNF-alpha
• IL-1
• PPAR-gamma

tan-2021-metabolomics-parkinsons-gut-microbiome

• tryptophan metabolism

tan-2021-microbiome-derived-metabolites-parkinsons

• short chain fatty acids
• bile acid metabolism

tan-2022-gut-microbiome-scfas-parkinsons-review

• butyrate

tang-2022-hashimotos-papillary-thyroid-carcinoma-meta-analysis

• thyroid-cancer

tang-2023-gut-microbiome-tango-ckd-progression

• clostridiaceae
• AhR-signaling
• epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition
• toll like receptors

taniya-2022-therapeutic-regulation-asd-microbiome

• faecalibacterium
• butyrate

tanvir-2024-gerd-new-insights-treatment-approaches-review

• gerd
• hiatal hernia

tao-2020-probiotics-effects-t2d-meta-analysis

• probiotics

tao-2024-cadmium-gut-microbiota-dwarf-hamsters

• wildlife ecotoxicology
• ^[47]
• ^[23]
• heavy metal detoxification mechanisms

tao-2025-fecal-virome-bacteriome-metabolite-interplay-schizophrenia

• gut-virome
• gut microbiome
• bile acid metabolism
• short chain fatty acids

tapsell-2015-fermented-dairy-food-cvd-risk

• mediterranean diet
• cardiovascular disease
• myocardial infarction
• gut microbiome

targher-2016-nafld-cvd-risk-meta-analysis

• comorbidity
• cardiovascular disease
• microbiome-host interactions
• metabolic pathways
• ^[87]
• microbiome and disease progression
• meta-analysis

tarhonska-2022-cadmium-breast-cancer-mechanisms

• mammary gland
• estrogenic activity
• Metallothioneins
• metalloestrogen
• estrogen receptor alpha
• DNA methylation
• histone modifications
• miRNA
• lncRNA
• epithelial-mesenchymal transition
• metalloestrogens

taroncher-oldenburg-2023-multi-level-gut-brain-axis-asd

• gut-brain axis
• short chain fatty acids

tatarchuk-2016-micro-macroelements-pcos

• superoxide dismutase (SOD)
• nickel toxicology

tatsuta-2024-methylmercury-dietary-intake-japanese-children

• infant exposure
• methylmercury

tavanaeian-2025-oral-fecal-microbiome-pancreatic-cancer-biomarkers

• pancreatic cancer
• microbial biomarkers
• microbiome signature
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome composition

tedjo-2016-fecal-microbiota-biomarker-crohns-disease-activity

• crohns disease signature

teimoori-2016-zinc-dysmenorrhea-treatment

• dysmenorrhea
• essential elements

teng-2024-gut-microbiome-lipids-bidirectional-mr

• mendelian randomization
• metabolic pathways
• ^[37]
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• causal microbiome relationships

tetz-2018-parkinsons-bacteriophage-gut-dysbiosis

• bacteriophages
• lactococcus

tetz-2021-gut-virome-parkinsons-bacteriophages

• virome
• lactococcus

tetz-2022-gut-dysbiosis-bacteriophages-parkinsons

• HIF-2alpha
• ferroportin

tetz-2024-bacteriophage-aging-brain-parkinsons

• bacteriophages
• TLR9

tetz-2025-combined-bacteriophage-toxin-gut-parkinsons

• bacteriophage

theleritis-2024-gut-dysbiosis-first-episode-psychosis-review

• short chain fatty acids

thirion-2023-gut-microbiota-ms-disease-activity

• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• Gordonibacter-urolithinfaciens
• IL-22
• IL-17A
• IFN-beta
• IL-33
• TNF-alpha
• Caudovirales
• Shotgun-metagenomics
• methanobrevibacter

thoma-2011-bv-dietary-indices

• Glycemic load
• glycemic index
• vaginal microbiota

tian-2018-prebiotics-probiotics-synbiotics-severe-acute-pancreatitis-meta-analysis

• synbiotics
• pancreatitis
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbiome diet

tian-2020-iron-supplementation-ppd-protocol

• dopamine
• serotonin
• iron supplementation
• metals and mental health

tizabi-2023-lead-gut-microbiota-asd

• gut microbiota dysbiosis
• calcium
• mitochondrial dysfunction

tonelli-2023-oral-microbiome-cvd-pathophysiology

• oxidative stress

torrazza-2013-intestinal-microbial-ecology-nec

• necrotizing enterocolitis signature
• clostridium perfringens
• proteobacteria
• oxygen-state-ecological-determinant

toya-2020-coronary-artery-disease-altered-gut-microbiome

• lachnospiraceae
• coronary-artery-disease

troeseid-2024-gut-microbiome-hiv-cardiometabolic

• short chain fatty acids
• Microbial translocation
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbial metabolites
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbiome and inflammation
• gut barrier function
• microbiome composition
• metabolic pathways
• microbiome-host interactions

tsai-2018-heavy-metals-soil-ckd-progression-esrd

• ESRD
• nickel toxicology
• soil contamination
• environmental exposure pathways

tsushima-2024-ketogenic-diet-pcos-fertility

• ketogenic diet
• fertility
• metformin
• dietary intervention

tuohy-2014-dietary-pro-prebiotics-cvd-risk

• polyphenols
• dietary-polyphenols

tuohy-2014-probiotics-prebiotics-cardiovascular-risk

• gut microbiome
• insulin
• polyphenols
• bile acid metabolism
• cholesterol
• akkermansia muciniphila
• fecal microbiota transplant
• mediterranean diet
• cardiovascular disease

tye-2019-asd-comorbid-medical-conditions-review

• ^[48]

uyttebroek-2022-phage-therapy-safety-efficacy-systematic-review

• virome

uzuner-2023-bidirectional-relationship-endometriosis-microbiome

• dysbiosis
• bacterial contamination hypothesis

vacca-2023-synbiotic-ckd-stage-iiib-iv

• selenomonas
• synbiotics
• saccharolytic-fermentation
• polyphenols

van-dingenen-2023-gut-microbiome-radio-immunotherapy-crc

• gut microbiome
• immunotherapy
• colorectal cancer
• ^[69]
• ^[86]
• ^[88]
• ^[43]
• ^[76]

vandebergh-2022-bmi-il6-ms-mendelian-randomization

• Heavy-metals

vangoitsenhoven-2020-microbiome-antibiotics-autoimmune-diseases

• probiotics

vangoitsenhoven-2020-microbiome-antibiotics-autoimmune

• ^[61]

vascellari-2022-microbial-biomarkers-parkinsons-shotgun

• shotgun metagenomics

vasconcelos-2024-prebiotics-parkinsons-neuroinflammation

• microbiome
• butyrate

vatanen-2018-teddy-gut-microbiome-t1d-nature

• bacteroides

vernocchi-2023-gut-microbiota-vocs-asd-biomarkers-predictors

• Indole
• p cresol
• p-Cresol
• Desulfovibrionaceae

villa-2022-hormonal-therapy-brain-parkinsons

• microbiome

virili-2024-thyroid-human-microbiota-systematic-review-reviews

• gut microbiome
• thyroid disorders
• synbiotics
• hashimotos thyroiditis
• thyroid autoimmunity

virome-2022-parkinsons-gut-virome-phageome

• virome

vogt-2024-hfq-srna-rust-iron-starvation-caulobacter

• sRNA
• outer-membrane
• Caulobacter
• Fur

vollenweider-2024-pyoverdines-antimicrobial-iron-depriving

• acinetobacter baumannii

wagner-2008-pseudomonas-16s-ileal-pediatric-crohns

• pseudomonas aeruginosa
• crohns disease signature

wales-2015-co-selection-resistance-antibiotics-biocides-metals

• efflux-pumps
• Salmonella

walker-2021-framingham-gut-microbiome-cardiometabolic

• microbial diversity
• microbiome composition
• cardiovascular disease
• microbiome diet
• microbiome-modulating drugs
• microbial biomarkers
• mendelian randomization

wallen-2022-metagenomics-parkinsons-microbiome-signature

• shotgun metagenomics
• microbiome
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• HIF-2alpha
• tlr4

wallen-2024-nutritional-intake-microbiome-parkinsons

• microbiome

wang-2015-dietary-fiber-pancreatic-cancer-risk-meta-analysis

• dietary fiber
• pancreatic cancer
• dietary fiber
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• High-fiber diet
• gut microbiome
• microbiome and inflammation
• mediterranean diet

wang-2018-inflammatory-cytokines-peritoneal-flora-endometriosis-infertility

• bacterial contamination hypothesis

wang-2018-metabolomics-parkinsons-disease-severity

• tryptophan metabolism

wang-2019-fecal-scfa-not-associated-asd-chinese-children

• butyrate

wang-2019-fmt-colitis-associated-colon-cancer-treg

• Tregs
• ^[88]
• ^[70]
• ^[42]
• ^[77]
• ^[45]

wang-2019-microbiome-occurrence-development-treatment-pancreatic-cancer

• microbiome
• pancreatic cancer
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbiome and inflammation
• fungal microbiota
• antibiotics
• drug repurposing
• microbial biomarkers

wang-2021-gut-microbiota-nsaid-enteropathy

• NSAIDs
• bile acid metabolism

wang-2021-probiotics-prebiotics-synbiotics-prediabetes-systematic-review

• probiotics

wang-2022-gut-microbiota-health-cvd

• NLRP3
• microbiome and immune system
• cardiovascular disease
• microbiome and inflammation
• metabolic pathways
• bile acid metabolism
• microbiome-host interactions
• amino acids
• microbiome review

wang-2022-high-fiber-acarbose-pcos

• acarbose
• hyperandrogenism
• dietary fiber
• short chain fatty acids

wang-2023-amino-acid-metabolomics-cerebral-palsy-plasma

• tryptophan

wang-2023-gut-microbiota-cad-mi-mendelian-randomization

• mendelian randomization
• cardiovascular disease
• metabolic pathways
• microbial metabolites
• ^[35]
• microbial biomarkers
• causal microbiome relationships

wang-2023-gut-microbiota-signature-asd-gi-symptoms-china

• Ruminiclostridium
• flavonifractor
• lactococcus
• acinetobacter
• firmicutes
• Bacilli
• Lactobacillales
• Streptococcaceae

wang-2023-immune-cells-schizophrenia-mendelian-randomization

• regulatory-t-cells
• treg
• immune-system-microbiome-brain-axis

wang-2023-microbial-gut-brain-white-matter-preterm

• myelination

wang-2023-perturbed-microbiome-metabolomes-ckd-severity

• ruminococcus bromii
• eubacterium rectale
• citrobacter

wang-2024-causal-gut-microbiota-gerd-bidirectional-mr

• christensenellaceae
• eggerthella

wang-2024-causal-gut-microbiota-gerd-mendelian-bidirectional

• mendelian randomization
• gut microbiome
• gerd
• lachnospiraceae
• methanobrevibacter
• actinobacteria
• Mollicutes
• anaerostipes
• Tenericutes

wang-2024-gut-microbiota-fibromyalgia-mr

• fibromyalgia signature
• eggerthella
• olsenella

wang-2024-ibd-integrated-16s-metagenomics-virulence-factors

• christensenellaceae
• fusicatenibacter
• virulence factors
• crohns disease signature

wang-2024-perturbations-gut-microbiota-schizophrenia-metagenomics

• clostridium

wang-2025-engineering-copper-antimicrobial-materials-post-antibiotic

• iron sulfur clusters
• fenton chemistry
• antimicrobial metals
• protein-quality-control

wang-2025-gut-microbiome-thyroid-cancer-review

• gut microbiome
• lachnospiraceae
• Ruminococcaceae
• dietary fiber

wang-2025-zinc-ionophore-pbt2-tigecycline-resistance-klebsiella

• superoxide dismutase
• Irving-Williams-series
• antibiotic-resistance
• cell-wall
• antimicrobial metals

wang-2026-intestinal-fungal-dysbiosis-gdm-adverse-pregnancy-outcomes

• gestational-diabetes
• candida

wang-cui-2025-optic-neuritis-gut-microbiota-vitamin-b6-mr

• vitamin-b6
• optic-neuritis

wehedy-2022-human-microbiome-ckd-double-edged-sword

• uremic-toxins
• gut kidney axis

wei-2019-microbiota-microbiome-pancreatic-cancer

• pancreatic cancer
• microenvironment
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• microbiome and disease progression
• Microbiome-host interactions
• immunotherapy
• microbiome diet
• metabolic pathways
• viral microbiota

wei-2020-microbiota-composition-distribution-reproductive-tract-endometriosis

• bacterial contamination hypothesis

wei-2022-oxidative-stress-parkinsons-meta-analysis

• glutathione
• microbiome

wei-2024-fmt-schizophrenia-mice-behaviors-brain-transcriptome

• collinsella
• blautia
• bacteroides

wei-2025-gut-mycobiome-cardiometabolic-progression

• fungal dysbiosis
• cardiovascular disease
• fungal microbiota
• microbiome-host interactions
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbiome composition

weider-2022-viruses-thyroid-tissue

• Enterovirus
• herpesvirus 6
• parvovirus B19
• Epstein-Barr virus
• cytomegalovirus
• hashimotos thyroiditis
• ^[81]

weis-2022-altered-gut-microbiome-lps-alpha-synuclein-parkinsons

• microbiome
• tlr4

weis-2022-environmental-enrichment-parkinsons-microbiome

• microbiome

wentz-2015-hashimotos-root-cause-lifestyle-interventions

• thyroid autoimmunity
• intestinal permeability
• fermented foods
• Gluten
• Fermented foods
• dietary fiber
• ferritin
• thyroid hormone
• leaky gut
• curcumin

williams-2025-streptococcus-mitis-h2o2-biofilm-inhibition-smutans

• fenton chemistry
• iron sulfur clusters
• streptococcus mutans
• oral microbiome
• superoxide dismutase
• probiotic

wortelboer-2024-phage-therapy-cardiometabolic-diseases

• virome

wu-2017-metformin-gut-microbiome-t2d-nature-medicine

• metformin

wu-2017-metformin-gut-microbiome-t2d-therapeutic-effects

• metformin
• gut microbiome
• type 2 diabetes
• Bifidobacterium adolescentis
• akkermansia muciniphila
• cardiovascular disease

wu-2025-distinct-diet-microbiome-associations-asd

• Lacrimispora amygdalina
• Massilioclostridium coli
• escherichia coli

xia-2024-drug-repurposing-cancer-therapy

• Drug repurposing
• ^[77]
• ^[76]
• ^[79]
• ^[89]

xian-2023-graves-disease-ibd-mendelian-randomization

• inflammatory bowel disease
• crohns disease
• ulcerative colitis
• HLA-DRB1
• PTPN22
• JAK/STAT pathway

xie-2025-urinary-metals-trace-elements-kidney-function

• vanadium
• silver
• nickel toxicology
• cobalt

xu-2021-fecal-microbiota-transplant-parkinsons-review

• fmt intervention

xu-2022-causal-gut-microbiota-autoimmune-mr

• ^[52]

xu-2022-causal-microbiota-autoimmune-mr

• mendelian randomization

xu-2022-fmt-antitumor-cancer-immunotherapy

• immunotherapy
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• colorectal cancer
• ^[88]
• ^[43]
• ^[76]
• ^[71]
• ^[34]
• ^[70]

xu-2022-gut-microbiota-autoimmune-diseases-mendelian-randomization

• mendelian randomization

xu-2023-oxidative-stress-dna-methylation-microbiota-crohns-mr

• ^[72]

xue-2024-colonic-microflora-viral-myocarditis-cvb3

• viral microbiota
• gut-heart axis
• metabolic pathways
• microbiome composition
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• microbiome and disease progression
• ^[90]

yadav-2022-ms-gut-mycobiome-fungal-bacterial

• saccharomyces

yamamura-2025-fmt-therapeutic-strategy-pancreatic-cancer

• microbiome signature
• microbial biomarkers
• microbiome-host interactions
• antibiotics
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• microbiome composition

yan-2022-gut-microbiome-schizophrenia-zhejiang-china-16s

• bacteroidetes
• prevotella
• parabacteroides
• sutterella
• faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• blautia
• lachnospira
• clostridium
• ruminococcus
• coprococcus
• roseburia
• bacteroides

yan-2025-infant-serum-metals-gut-microbiota-china

• Cadmium Toxicity
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• mendelian randomization
• ^[1]
• Environmental Exposures

yan-2025-infant-serum-metals-gut-microbiota

• ralstonia

yang-2016-copper-farm-soils-rheumatoid-arthritis

• soil contamination
• autoimmune disease
• nickel toxicology
• copper-induced cytokine production

yang-2017-ketamine-gut-microbiota-brain-axis-antidepressant

• gut microbiome
• Tenericutes
• Deltaproteobacteria
• Mollicutes
• butyricimonas
• hashimotos thyroiditis

yang-2022-intestinal-flora-graves-methimazole

• methimazole
• collinsella
• Synergistetes
• phascolarctobacterium
• rheumatoid arthritis
• type 1 diabetes

yang-2022-psychological-gut-microbiome-nerd

• NERD
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• microbiome-brain-gut axis

yang-2024-metabolites-esophageal-diseases-mendelian-randomization

• gerd
• bile acid metabolism
• barretts esophagus

yang-2024-zip8-a391t-crohns-metal-dyshomeostasis-microbiome

• SLC39A8
• crohns disease
• cobalt
• Cadmium Toxicity
• Gut Microbiome and Metal Exposure
• inflammatory bowel disease
• ^[27]

yao-2024-gut-microbiota-menstrual-disorders-mr

• pmdd signature
• anaerotruncus
• haemophilus

yatabe-2013-amino-acid-profiling-colon-cancer-detection

• amino acid
• colorectal cancer
• ^[68]
• ^[64]
• gut microbiome

ye-2023-gut-microbiota-children-gerd-metagenomics-metabolomics

• klebsiella pneumoniae
• haemophilus
• bacteroides

yin-2022-immune-transcriptome-drug-repositioning-ms

• Aspirin
• NSAIDs

yin-2022-pcos-bacteriome-mycobiome-metabolome-bmi

• polycystic-ovary-syndrome
• mortierella
• mortierellomycota
• candida
• pcos signature
• interkingdom-relationships-and-functional-shielding
• pcos-diagnostic-metabolome-model

yin-2024-heavy-metals-renal-injury-longitudinal

• chronic kidney disease
• nephrotoxicity
• environmental health disparities

yu-2022-fatty-acids-metabokines-ms

• metabokines
• remyelination
• short chain fatty acids
• Th17
• Valproic acid
• ^[40]

yu-2023-fmt-inhibits-crc-progression

• ^[43]
• ^[69]
• ^[77]
• ^[71]

yu-2025-faecalibacterium-hominis-indole-ahr-asd-btbr

• indole
• Peptococcus

yuan-2021-gut-microbial-biomarkers-treatment-response-schizophrenia

• Romboutsia
• streptococcus
• blautia
• alistipes
• haemophilus

yuan-2025-purpureocillium-amino-acid-metabolism-cognitive-schizophrenia

• gut microbiome
• amino-acid-metabolism
• cognitive-function
• biomarker

zaman-2023-blood-mercury-gst-jamaican-children

• glutathione-s-transferase

zangeneh-2021-oral-microbiota-ms

• peptostreptococcus
• porphyromonas
• actinomyces
• staphylococcus aureus
• Propionibacterium
• veillonella
• 16S-rRNA

zeng-2024-probiotics-asd-meta-analysis

• streptococcus thermophilus
• Lactobacillus plantarum

zeng-2025-copper-iron-trace-elements-fibromyalgia-mr

• fibromyalgia signature

zhang-2021-antidepressants-fluoxetine-amitriptyline-gut-microbiome

• Antidepressants

zhang-2021-antidepressants-fluoxetine-amitriptyline-gut-microbiota

• antidepressants
• microbiome-modulating drugs
• microbiome composition
• microbiome-host interactions
• oral microbiome
• metabolic pathways

zhang-2021-cadmium-gut-microbiome-parkinsons

• microbiome

zhang-2021-causal-direction-microbiota-ibd-mr

• ^[56]

zhang-2021-ketogenic-diets-cardiometabolic-diseases

• ketogenic diet
• heart failure
• cardiovascular disease
• gut microbiome
• metabolic syndrome
• insulin resistance
• mediterranean diet

zhang-2021-lead-exposure-gut-microbiome-neurodegeneration

• microbiome

zhang-2022-causal-microbiome-cvd-mendelian-randomization

• mendelian randomization
• microbial biomarkers
• microbiome and disease progression
• ^[37]
• causal microbiome relationships

zhang-2022-gut-dysbiosis-pancreatic-diseases-therapeutic-target

• gut microbiome
• pancreatitis
• pancreatic cancer
• Gut dysbiosis
• synbiotics
• microbiome-host interactions
• Viral dysbiosis
• microbiome and disease progression
• microbiome-targeted therapy

zhang-2022-probiotics-asd-rct-protocol

• Bifidobacteria
• streptococcus thermophilus
• coprococcus
• collinsella

zhang-2023-causal-gut-microbiota-ed-mr

• erectile dysfunction signature
• ruminococcaceae
• senegalimassilia
• oscillibacter
• tyzzerella
• gut penis axis

zhang-2024-gut-microbiota-autoimmune-neurologic-mr

• mendelian randomization
• ^[40]

zhang-2024-recent-advances-alzheimers-mechanisms-trials

• amyloid-beta-aggregation
• tau-phosphorylation
• heavy metal neurotoxicity
• Chelation-therapy

zhang-2024-shotgun-metagenomics-parkinsons-chinese

• shotgun metagenomics
• microbiome

zhang-2025-gut-microbiota-cvd-mini-review

• gut microbiome
• metformin
• Statins
• cardiovascular disease
• mediterranean diet

zhang-2026-bile-acids-pediatric-gastroesophageal-reflux-metabolomics

• metabolomics
• fatty acids
• bile acid
• Th17
• bile acid metabolism
• MAPK
• NF-kB
• ursodeoxycholic acid

zhao-2020-arsenic-cadmium-arg-paddy-soils

• antibiotic-resistance-genes
• horizontal gene transfer
• horizontal gene transfer

zhao-2022-gut-microbiota-graves-disease-hashimotos

• gut microbiome
• proteobacteria
• Actinomycetes
• Verrucomicrobiaceae
• bacillus
• blautia
• Ornithinimicrobium
• Prevotella_9
• Ruminococcus_2
• Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group
• Microbiome-Derived Metabolites
• Microbial Biomarkers

zhao-2022-gut-microbiota-graves-hashimotos

• gut microbiome
• proteobacteria
• actinobacteria

zhao-2022-high-fiber-diet-myocardial-infarction-microbiota

• myocardial infarction
• macrophage
• bile acid
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• Verrucomicrobia
• actinobacteria
• cardiovascular disease

zhao-2025-comorbidity-patterns-hashimotos

• thyroid nodules
• uterine leiomyomas
• Levothyroxine
• AKT1
• TP53
• EGFR
• PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

zheng-2024-pcos-obesity-vaginal-microbiome-phages

• polycystic-ovary-syndrome
• lactobacillus iners
• lactobacillus crispatus
• vaginal-microbiome
• bacteriophages
• vaginal-virome
• pcos signature
• endometriosis signature
• recurrent-implantation-failure
• shared-pcos-endometriosis-signature

zheng-2024-znta-zinc-cadmium-homeostasis-vibrio-parahaemolyticus

• virulence

zheng-2025-cuer-copa-cusfabc-copper-detoxification-vibrio

• siderophore
• virulence
• iron sulfur clusters
• gut microbiome
• antimicrobial metals

zheng-2025-gut-thyroid-axis-aitd-mendelian-randomization

• butyrivibrio
• gut thyroid axis

zheng-2025-multidimensional-mechanisms-gerd-immunity-signaling-microbiota-gut-brain

• gerd
• gut microbiome
• gut-brain axis
• NF-kB
• MAPK
• PI3K

zhou-2010-quercetin-pancreatic-cancer-stem-cells

• Quercetin
• polyphenol
• pancreatic cancer
• sulforaphane
• Dietary polyphenols
• gut microbiome
• microbiome and inflammation
• microbiome-targeted therapy
• high-fiber diet
• dietary fiber
• microbiome and disease progression

zhou-2015-premature-infant-microbiome-prior-nec

• necrotizing enterocolitis signature
• clostridium perfringens
• enterobacter

zhou-2021-fecal-microbiota-pdac-autoimmune-pancreatitis-metagenomics

• Shotgun metagenomics
• firmicutes
• proteobacteria
• microbiome-derived metabolites
• metabolic pathways
• functional microbiome shifts
• microbial biomarkers

zhou-2023-probiotics-prevent-nec-vlbw-meta

• siderophore competition
• lactoferrin-probiotic-combination

zhou-2024-gut-microbiome-schizophrenia-mendelian-randomization

• clostridia
• betaproteobacteria

zhou-2024-urinary-vocs-rheumatoid-arthritis

• environmental pollutants
• autoimmune disease
• smoking
• immune dysregulation
• NHANES
• inflammatory cytokines

zhou-2025-heavy-metals-essential-minerals-hair-asd-severity

• heavy metals
• oxidative stress
• ceruloplasmin
• Wilson disease
• nutritional immunity

zhou-liu-2024-heavy-metals-dried-chili-guizhou

• chili-pepper
• spices
• coal-combustion

zhu-2022-berberine-uc-cancer-therapy

• Berberine
• ulcerative colitis
• colorectal cancer
• fusobacterium nucleatum
• ^[78]
• ^[76]
• ^[43]
• ^[70]
• ^[45]
• ^[69]

zhu-2023-gut-microbiota-metabolic-pathways-cvd

• bile acid metabolism

zhu-2024-intestinal-microbiota-gut-thyroid-axis-hashimotos

• bile acid metabolism

zhu-2024-toxic-essential-metals-gut-microbiota

• silicon
• bile acid metabolism
• akkermansia muciniphila
• nickel toxicity
• nickel gut microbiome interactions
• ^[21]
• ^[91]
• iron homeostasis
• manganese neurotoxicity
• probiotic detoxification of heavy metals

zhuang-2024-asd-pathogenesis-biomarker-intervention

• faecalibacterium prausnitzii

zou-2022-mycobiome-dysbiosis-hypertension-light-chains

• inflammation

zou-2022-mycobiome-hypertension-immunoglobulin

• fungal dysbiosis
• cardiovascular disease
• microbial biomarkers
• ^[92]
• microbiome and immune system
• microbiome and disease progression

zytnick-2024-methylolanthanin-lanthanide-metallophore-methylobacterium

• siderophore
• TonB-dependent-transporter
• metal sensing
• rare-earth-elements