Enterobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Key species include Enterobacter cloacae (the most clinically relevant) and E. hormaechei. Like other Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacter possesses iron-dependent Siderophores and nickel-dependent NiFe hydrogenases that provide competitive advantages during Dysbiosis.
Selected type-species-anchored Enterobacter rod forms, shown as eight bodies in four single and two paired groupings. This reconstruction is representative, non-diagnostic, and not a micrograph.
Scientific media record1 verified identifier
- Subject
- Enterobactertaxon · genus
- Identifiers
- NCBITaxon:547
- Review
- Editorial review completeIdentifiers authority-verified · Accessibility validated · · enterobacter|enterobacter-morphology-v1.webp
- Digital source
- Trained-algorithmic mediaCreated with a trained generative algorithm and reviewed by WikiBiome for subject identity, scientific framing, identifiers, provenance, and accessibility.
- Scientific basis
- Enterobacter — NCBI TaxonomyEnterobacter — LPSNEnterobacter genus treatmentEnterobacter cloacae type strain — BacDive
- License
- CC BY-SA 4.0Created
Evidence map4 cited passagesInspect provenance +
NEC: Part of the Enterobacteriaceae bloom preceding necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants; nickel in preterm formula may fuel expansion.
Formate metabolism: E. cloacae formate-dependent growth drives dysbiotic metabolic shifts in NEC.
AMR: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter (CRE) is a critical AMR threat; metal resistance genes co-locate with carbapenem resistance.
Graves' disease: E. hormaechei decreased by berberine supplementation alongside clinical improvement.
Key Associations#
NEC: Part of the Enterobacteriaceae bloom preceding necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants; nickel in preterm formula may fuel expansion.[1]Nickel as a Catalytic Driver of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Dietary Nickel, Microbial Metallomics, and the Activation of Nickel-Dependent Virulence Pathways in the Preterm GutKaren Pendergrass · 2026Open reference 1 ↓
Formate metabolism: E. cloacae formate-dependent growth drives dysbiotic metabolic shifts in NEC.[2]Casaburi 2022 — Formate as a metabolic driver of NEC: integrated metagenomics and targeted metabolomicsGiorgio Casaburi, Jingjing Wei, Sufyan Kazi et al. · 2022Open reference 2 ↓ AMR: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter (CRE) is a critical AMR threat; metal resistance genes co-locate with carbapenem resistance.[3]Miranda 2022 — Characterization of Metal(loid)s and Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria of Human Gut Microbiota from CKD SubjectsMaría V. Miranda, Fernanda C. González, Osvaldo S. Paredes-Godoy et al. · 2022Open reference 3 ↓
Graves' disease: E. hormaechei decreased by berberine supplementation alongside clinical improvement.[4]Han et al. 2022 — The Potential Prebiotic Berberine Combined With Methimazole Improved the Therapeutic Effect of Graves' Disease Patients Through Regulating the Intestinal MicrobiomeHan Z, Cen C, Ou Q et al. · 2022Open reference 4 ↓ CKD: Part of uremic toxin-producing Enterobacteriaceae enrichment.
Cross-References#
- Enterobacter cloacae—species page
- Enterobacteriaceae—family context
- Klebsiella—related genus; shared metal dependencies and AMR
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis—NEC pathogenesis
- Nickel—NiFe-hydrogenase dependency
- Co-Selection—metal-carbapenem co-resistance
- Berberine—Enterobacter suppression in Graves'
References 5
Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.
- 1
Karen Pendergrass (2026). Nickel as a Catalytic Driver of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Dietary Nickel, Microbial Metallomics, and the Activation of Nickel-Dependent Virulence Pathways in the Preterm Gut. Zenodo Preprint.
- 2
Giorgio Casaburi, Jingjing Wei, Sufyan Kazi et al. (2022). Casaburi 2022 — Formate as a metabolic driver of NEC: integrated metagenomics and targeted metabolomics. Frontiers in Pediatrics.
- 3
María V. Miranda, Fernanda C. González, Osvaldo S. Paredes-Godoy et al. (2022). Miranda 2022 — Characterization of Metal(loid)s and Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria of Human Gut Microbiota from CKD Subjects. Biological Research.
- 4
Han Z, Cen C, Ou Q et al. (2022). Han et al. 2022 — The Potential Prebiotic Berberine Combined With Methimazole Improved the Therapeutic Effect of Graves' Disease Patients Through Regulating the Intestinal Microbiome. Frontiers in Immunology.
- 5
Khan F, Rizvi M, Shukla I et al. (2011). A Novel Approach for Identification of Members of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Clinical Samples. Biology and Medicine.
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