metals · microbes · host
Neutral neurovascular orientation for migraine. These teaching models do not depict an attack, aura, visible lesion, vascular change, trigger, subtype, or single established mechanism.
Scientific media record1 verified identifier
- Subject
- Migraine Disorderscondition
- Identifiers
- MeSH:D008881
- Review
- Editorial review completeIdentifiers authority-verified · Accessibility validated · · migraine|migraine-pathology-v1.webp
- Digital source
- Trained-algorithmic mediaCreated with a trained generative algorithm and reviewed by WikiBiome for subject identity, scientific framing, identifiers, provenance, and accessibility.
- Scientific basis
- Migraine Disorders — MeSHMigraine
- License
- CC BY-SA 4.0Created
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate-to-severe headache, often unilateral and pulsatile, accompanied by nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. Affecting over one billion people worldwide, it is the second leading cause of disability globally. The Gut-Brain Axis is increasingly implicated in migraine pathophysiology.
One disease. Five evidence layers.
A generated systems view of the metals, organisms, host sequestration signals, ecological conditions, and microbial functions indexed for Migraine.
Evidence layer
Taxonomic signature
Organisms reported as enriched or depleted, with their indexed functional context kept beside the name.No structured taxa indexed yet.
No structured taxa indexed yet.
Evidence layer
Nutritional immunity
Host metal-withholding, inflammatory, antioxidant, and microbial-metabolite signals indexed in the signature.Elevated host signals
0No structured signals indexed yet.
Depleted protective signals
0No structured signals indexed yet.
Evidence layer
Ecological state
The environmental conditions that connect the organism-level observations into a system.No structured ecological features indexed yet.
Evidence layer
Virulence functions
Microbial structures, enzymes, and acquisition systems implicated by the linked evidence.No structured virulence functions indexed yet.
The disease record, in full.
The original WikiBiome disease narrative remains intact beneath the generated signature atlas.
Microbiome Associations#
Migraine patients show altered Gut Microbiome composition, with enrichment of nitrate-reducing bacteria—organisms that convert dietary nitrate to nitrite and nitric oxide (NO). Excess NO is a known migraine trigger through vasodilation and CGRP release. Taxa enriched in migraine include certain Streptococcus and Haemophilus species.
Depletion of Butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium and Roseburia has also been reported, suggesting impaired gut barrier function.
Metal Associations#
Magnesium deficiency is one of the most consistent findings in migraine, present in up to 50% of patients during attacks. Magnesium modulates NMDA receptor excitability and serotonin receptor function. Iron metabolism is altered—serum ferritin levels correlate inversely with migraine frequency in some studies.
Copper and zinc imbalances have been reported but findings are inconsistent.
Associated Conditions#
Migraine shows strong comorbidity with irritable-bowel-syndrome (shared gut-brain axis dysfunction), Depression (serotonin pathway overlap), Celiac Disease (gluten as trigger, shared nutrient malabsorption), and Helicobacter pylori infection. The gut-brain overlap suggests shared microbial and metabolic underpinnings rather than coincidental co-occurrence.
Open Questions#
Unresolved questions identified by the current evidence record.
01Whether microbiome-targeted interventions (probiotics, dietary modification of nitrate intake) can reduce migraine frequency remains an active area of clinical investigation with preliminary but encouraging results.+
The current WikiBiome record identifies this as an unresolved evidence gap.
Cross-References#
- Gut-Brain Axis—primary mechanistic framework
- Magnesium—deficiency and neuronal excitability
- Nitric Oxide—microbial nitrate reduction as trigger
- irritable-bowel-syndrome—gut-brain comorbidity
References 5
Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.
- 1
Park JC, Chang L, Kwon HK et al. (2025). Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease. Cellular and Molecular Immunology.
- 2
Zheng J, Tao L (2025). Multidimensional mechanisms and therapies underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease: focus on immunity, signaling pathways, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Frontiers in Immunology.
- 3
Shen Z, Bian Y, Huang Y et al. (2024). Migraine and gastroesophageal reflux disease: Disentangling the complex connection with depression as a mediator. PLoS ONE.
- 4
Larissa Hauer, Julian Perneczky, Johann Sellner (2021). A Global View of Comorbidity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review with a Focus on Regional Differences, Methodology, and Clinical Implications. Journal of Neurology.
- 5
Yang F, Xie XH, Li X et al. (2022). Analysis of Psychological and Gut Microbiome Characteristics in Patients With Non-erosive Reflux Disease. Frontiers in Psychiatry.
Article network
Mentioned here 8
Pages linking here 1
Connect the evidence
Publicly readable discussion by ORCID-authenticated researchers. Questions, interpretation, methods, corrections, and new evidence stay attached to this record.
No discussion yet. Start with a precise question or a source-backed observation.
Activity and accepted changes
Accepted researcher context, editorial status, public discussion, and upstream Git revisions are shown together. Pending, declined, and withdrawn proposals remain private.
- published revision
Backfill gut microbiome concept links
Karen Pendergrass · +1 −1
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massive wiki expansion: 149 stubs fixed, 100+ new pages, Rule 15 scan, keystone papers
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maintenance: 409 source fixes, 34 entity updates, 17 concept updates, 30 analysis outputs
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