Diseases8 sources
Anxiety Disorders
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Search: “order”
Ranked matches across titles, topics, categories, and article introductions.
79 records in this view
Diseases11 sources
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A neurodevelopmental condition affecting approximately 1 in 36 children (US CDC 2023 estimate), characterized by differences in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. From a metallomics perspective, ASD presents a compelling convergence of…
Diseases8 sources
Bipolar Disorder
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Interventions0 sources
Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) for Autism Spectrum Disorder
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Diseases7 sources
Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent depressed mood, anhedonia, and cognitive/somatic symptoms. In the WikiBiome framework, MDD is a paradigm case for the gut brain axis: gut dysbiosis drives systemic inflammation and ne…
Interventions0 sources
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for Autism Spectrum Disorder
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Diseases6 sources
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) affects 3-8% of menstruating individuals Epperson et al. 2012, causing severe mood disturbances, irritability, anxiety, and physical symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Distinguished from premenstrual syndrome …
Interventions0 sources
Zinc Supplementation for Autism Spectrum Disorder
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Microorganisms13 sources
Alistipes
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic genus within the Bacteroidetes phylum (family Rikenellaceae). Alistipes occupies a complex and context-dependent role in the gut ecosystem — some species carry well-documented anti-inflammatory properties, while the genus is paradoxic…
Diseases20 sources
Alzheimer's Disease
The most common form of dementia, affecting an estimated 55 million people worldwide and projected to triple by 2050 zhang 2024 recent advances alzheimers mechanisms trials. Characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive decline, amyloid-beta plaques, and neurofibr…
Microorganisms8 sources
Anaerostipes
A genus of Gram-positive obligate anaerobes in the family Lachnospiraceae (Clostridium cluster XIVa) that occupy a critical metabolic relay position in gut ecosystem stability: converting lactate to butyrate. Anaerostipes is one of the most consistently depleted genera …
Mechanisms14 sources
Bacteriophages
Viruses that exclusively infect bacteria. Bacteriophages -- phages for short -- are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, outnumbering bacteria in most environments by ratios of 1:1 to 10:1. In the human gut, the phageome represents a powerful but underexplore…
Microorganisms4 sources
Bacteroidaceae
Bacteroidaceae is a family of obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in the order bacteroidales. The dominant genus is bacteroides, which includes B. fragilis, B. vulgatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. uniformis. Bacteroidaceae are among the most abundant gut bacteri…
Microorganisms5 sources
Bacteroidales
Bacteroidales is an order of obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidetes. It includes the families Bacteroidaceae (bacteroides), Prevotellaceae (prevotella), Rikenellaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae (porphyromonas). Bacteroidales are among th…
Microorganisms8 sources
Betaproteobacteria
A class of Gram-negative bacteria within the phylum Proteobacteria that has emerged as a causal risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through Mendelian randomization studies. Betaproteobacteria includes genera with notable metal tolerance -- particularly wi…
Microorganisms5 sources
Bifidobacterium breve
Bifidobacterium breve is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic species within the phylum Actinobacteria, predominantly found in the infant gut and breast milk. It is among the earliest colonizers of the neonatal intestine and plays a key role in human milk oligosaccharide…
Mechanisms3 sources
Blood-Brain Barrier
A selective semipermeable border formed by brain endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, pericytes, and astrocytic end-feet. The BBB restricts passage of most molecules from blood to brain, protecting the CNS from toxins, pathogens, and inflammatory mediators. M…
Microorganisms4 sources
Butyricicoccus
A genus of Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, butyrate-producing bacteria in the order Clostridiales (phylum Firmicutes). The type species, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, was originally isolated from chicken caecal content but has since been identified as a significant m…
Microorganisms3 sources
Butyrivibrio
Butyrivibrio is a genus of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the family Lachnospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes). Originally characterized as a dominant fiber-fermenting genus in the rumen, Butyrivibrio species are also found in the human colon where they con…
Metals50 sources
Cadmium
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Diseases8 sources
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood, affecting 2-3 per 1,000 live births allen 2021 multi organ dysfunction cerebral palsy. Characterized by non-progressive disturbances in movement and posture arising from injury to the developing brain…
Microorganisms8 sources
Christensenellaceae
Christensenellaceae is a family of Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic bacteria within the order Clostridiales (phylum Firmicutes) that has emerged as one of the most consistently health-associated and heritable members of the human gut microbiome. First formally describe…
Microorganisms8 sources
Clostridiales
An order of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the class clostridia (phylum Firmicutes) that represents the single most functionally important taxonomic group in the human gut. Clostridiales encompasses the major butyrate-producing families (lachnospirace…
Metals56 sources
Copper
An essential trace element with a striking dual nature: required for survival as a cofactor for critical enzymes (SOD1, cytochrome c oxidase, ceruloplasmin), yet toxic in excess through Fenton-like redox cycling and mis metallation of iron-sulfur clusters. Copper is ele…
Mechanisms4 sources
Copper Dysregulation
Perhaps the most pervasive metallomic finding across human disease: copper is elevated in nearly every pathological condition examined in this wiki -- cancer (pan-cancer), PCOS, cardiovascular disease, depression, schizophrenia, IBD, and rheumatoid arthritis. Simultaneo…
Diseases10 sources
Depression
Depression is the most prevalent mental health disorder globally, affecting over 280 million people zhu 2025 microbiota gut brain axis depression review, and one of the most metal-sensitive conditions in this wiki. It sits at the convergence of nearly every pathway cata…
Microorganisms5 sources
Desulfovibrionales
An order of Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) within the class Deltaproteobacteria. The defining metabolic feature of Desulfovibrionales is dissimilatory sulfate reduction -- using sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor and producing hyd…
Mechanisms20 sources
Developmental Metal Vulnerability: Critical Windows of Susceptibility
This page unifies the infant formula contamination, pregnancy complications, autism spectrum disorder, necrotizing enterocolitis, and neurodevelopmental toxicity threads around a single organizing insight: metal toxicity is disproportionately severe during specific deve…
Microorganisms14 sources
Dialister
Dialister is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the family Veillonellaceae that represents one of the strongest protective associations in gut-brain-axis research. Dialister depletion is a consistent and independent biomarker of depression, anx…
Microorganisms7 sources
Dorea
A Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic genus within the lachnospiraceae family (Firmicutes phylum). Dorea occupies a mixed role in the gut ecosystem -- while it is a core member of the healthy human microbiome, several species are consistently enriched in autoimmune and ne…
Mechanisms6 sources
Dysmenorrhea
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Diseases5 sources
Epilepsy
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Diseases8 sources
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects 30-50% of men aged 40-70 Feldman et al. 1994, with prevalence increasing with age. Conventionally understood as a vascular and/or neurogenic disorder, ED is now recognized as a condition with a significant gut microbiome component -- th…
Microorganisms4 sources
Erysipelotrichaceae
Erysipelotrichaceae is a family within the phylum Firmicutes that has drawn increasing attention for its consistent enrichment in metabolic disorders. Members of this family are Gram-positive, obligate anaerobes found throughout the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, whe…
Mechanisms4 sources
Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT)
The transfer of processed stool from a healthy donor into a recipient's gastrointestinal tract to restore a disrupted microbial community. FMT is the most direct form of microbiome intervention -- replacing the entire community rather than supplementing individual strai…
Diseases8 sources
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome affecting 2-4% of the global population Heidari et al. 2017, characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction ("fibro fog"), and sleep disturbances. Conventionally attributed to central sensiti…
Microorganisms7 sources
Flavonifractor
A Gram-positive obligate anaerobe in the family Ruminococcaceae (Clostridium cluster IV) whose defining metabolic activity is the degradation of dietary flavonoids — the very polyphenols that serve as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents. When Flavon…
Microorganisms8 sources
Fusobacteriales
An order of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the phylum Fusobacteriota (formerly Fusobacteria). This order-level page covers the broader taxonomic group that includes the well-characterized genus fusobacterium and its key species fusobacterium nucleatum…
Reference0 sources
Glossary
Alphabetical definitions of specialist terms used throughout this wiki. Where a full concept page exists, the term links to it. --- AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) -- A ligand-activated transcription factor that senses microbial metabolites (especially indoles from tryp…
Microorganisms7 sources
Holdemanella
A genus of Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic bacteria in the family Erysipelotrichaceae (phylum Firmicutes) that is emerging as one of the most consistently protective gut commensals in human disease. Holdemanella is depleted across a striking range of conditions -- inf…
Mechanisms13 sources
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that sits at the crossroads of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and metabolism. It is one of the most frequently elevated inflammatory mediators across conditions in this wiki — appearing in disease signatures spanning IBD, aut…
Metals55 sources
Iron
The most abundant transition metal in the human body and arguably the most consequential metal in biology. Iron sits at the center of a paradox that drives pathology across virtually every disease domain: organisms need it for oxygen transport, energy metabolism, DNA sy…
Diseases5 sources
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 10-15% of the global population, characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits (diarrhea-predominant, constipation-predominant, or mixed) without identifiable structural pathology. From a met…
Mechanisms8 sources
Irving-Williams Series
A fundamental ordering of divalent transition metal ion binding affinities, established by Harry Irving and Robert Williams in 1953: Mg2+ < Mn2+ < Fe2+ < Co2+ < Ni2+ < Cu2+ Zn2+ This series holds for virtually all ligands and biological chelators. It means that copper b…
Microorganisms8 sources
Lachnobacterium
Lachnobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the family Lachnospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes). It is a commensal member of the healthy human gut microbiota, though relatively understudied compared to other Lachnospiraceae genera. Lachnob…
Microorganisms12 sources
Lachnospira
Lachnospira is a genus of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the lachnospiraceae family (Firmicutes phylum). L. pectinoschiza, the type species, is a specialist pectin fermenter that produces short chain fatty acids from plant-derived polysaccharides. The…
Microorganisms5 sources
Lachnospiraceae
A family within the Firmicutes phylum (order Clostridiales, formerly Clostridium cluster XIVa) that serves as a sentinel indicator of gut health -- its depletion is the single most consistent microbiome signature across nearly every disease represented in this wiki. The…
Microorganisms6 sources
Lactococcus
Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, lactic acid bacterium best known as the workhorse of the dairy fermentation industry. It holds GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status and has emerged as a versatile platform for probiotic and therapeuti…
Metals59 sources
Lead
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Metals53 sources
Mercury
Mercury is the most toxic heavy metal with no known biological function. Its organic form -- methylmercury (MeHg) -- is the primary concern for dietary exposure via fish consumption. Mercury's toxicity centers on thiol group binding, glutathione depletion, and blood-bra…
Mechanisms8 sources
Metallothionein
A family of small (6-7 kDa), cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metals with extraordinary affinity. Metallothioneins (MTs) are the cell's primary chemical defense against metal toxicity -- they sequester cadmium, mercury, lead, and other toxic metals, preventing the…
Mechanisms10 sources
Microglia
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, constituting 5-12% of all brain cells. They function as the brain's surveillance and defense system -- scanning for damage, clearing debris, pruning synapses during development, and mounting inflamma…
Mechanisms22 sources
Mis-Metallation
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Mechanisms9 sources
Neuroinflammation
Chronic inflammatory activation within the central nervous system, driven by microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Neuroinflammation is a convergent pathological mechanism across alzheimers disease, parkinsons disease, multiple sclerosis, and …
Microorganisms8 sources
Oscillospirales
An order of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the class Clostridia (phylum Firmicutes) that has emerged as one of the most consistent markers of a healthy gut ecosystem. Oscillospirales members are butyrate producers associated with leanness and metaboli…
Mechanisms24 sources
Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and the capacity of biological antioxidant defense systems to detoxify them. It is the single most commonly invoked mechanism across metal toxicology in this wiki,…
Mechanisms5 sources
p-Cresol
A microbial metabolite produced by gut bacteria through tyrosine fermentation that has emerged as one of the most consistent biomarkers linking gut dysbiosis to neurological and renal disease. p-Cresol (4-methylphenol) is a simple aromatic compound, but its effects are …
Microorganisms5 sources
Paraprevotella
Paraprevotella is a genus of obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in the family Prevotellaceae, related to prevotella. It is a gut commensal with emerging associations across neuropsychiatric and reproductive conditions. - Schizophrenia: Altered in gut-brain axis …
Diseases14 sources
Parkinson's Disease
The second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting over 10 million people worldwide dorsey 2018 parkinsons incidence meta analysis. Characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, alpha-synuclein aggregation (Lewy bodies), and…
Microorganisms9 sources
Phascolarctobacterium
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic genus within the Firmicutes phylum (family Acidaminococcaceae, class Negativicutes). The primary species P. faecium and the recently characterized P. succinatutens are specialized propionate producers that utilize succinate as their m…
Mechanisms8 sources
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid that sits at a metabolic crossroads: it is the precursor to tyrosine (and through it to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine), a substrate for microbial conversion to cardiovascular risk metabolites, and a participa…
Diseases22 sources
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A metabolic-endocrine disorder affecting 6-20% of reproductive-age women worldwide, characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology (Rotterdam criteria) barrea 2019 mediterranean diet pcos. PCOS is the leading cause of anovulatory i…
Mechanisms4 sources
Premenstrual Syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects an estimated 20-40% of women of reproductive age, characterized by cyclical physical and psychological symptoms in the luteal phase (post-ovulation, pre-menstruation). While PMS has traditionally been attributed solely to hormonal flu…
Microorganisms3 sources
Prevotellaceae
A family of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) that includes the genus prevotella and the recently described alloprevotella. Prevotellaceae are specialist fiber fermenters producing short-chain fatty acids,…
Mechanisms5 sources
Propionic Acid
A three-carbon short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced primarily by Bacteroidetes and certain Firmicutes through anaerobic fermentation of dietary substrates. At physiological concentrations in healthy gut microbiomes, propionic acid (PPA) is a normal fermentation produc…
Microorganisms5 sources
Purpureocillium
A filamentous fungus in the order Hypocreales (family Ophiocordycipitaceae), historically studied as an insect and nematode pathogen (P. lilacinum, formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus), now emerging as a clinically significant protective member of the gut mycobiome — and it…
Microorganisms5 sources
Ruminococcaceae
Ruminococcaceae is a family of obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria in the order Clostridiales (phylum Firmicutes) that represents one of the most important butyrate-producing and fiber-degrading families in the human gut. Key genera include faecalibacterium (incl…
Microorganisms6 sources
Saccharomyces
A genus of ascomycete yeasts that includes both a proven therapeutic probiotic (S. boulardii) and species associated with disease states (S. cerevisiae enriched in CRC mycobiome). This dual nature -- commensal/probiotic versus disease-associated -- parallels the bacteri…
Microorganisms11 sources
Saccharomyces boulardii
See also: saccharomyces (genus page) Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast strain used as a probiotic across a wide range of gastrointestinal and inflammatory conditions. Taxonomically a strain of S. cerevisiae, it is phenotypically distinct — optimally acti…
Diseases18 sources
Schizophrenia
A severe neuropsychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the global population, characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions), negative symptoms (anhedonia, social withdrawal, flat affect), and cognitive deficits. Life expectancy is reduced by 1…
Metals50 sources
Selenium
An essential trace element that is primarily protective in its biological roles. Unlike most metals in this wiki, selenium's toxicological significance lies more in the consequences of its deficiency than its excess. Selenium is the backbone of the selenoproteome -- a f…
Microorganisms7 sources
Sutterella
A Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus within the Proteobacteria phylum (family Sutterellaceae). The primary species S. wadsworthensis is classified as a pathobiont due to its IgA-degrading capacity and associations with neurodevelopmental and inflammatory conditions. H…
Analyses0 sources
The Fish Consumption / Mercury Confound
Fish is the primary dietary source of methylmercury (MeHg) -- a potent neurotoxin that crosses the blood-brain barrier, depletes glutathione, and can increase amyloid-beta production and tau phosphorylation mercury. MeHg is 95-100% absorbed in the intestinal tract. An e…
Mechanisms9 sources
Tryptophan Metabolism
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid metabolized via three competing pathways: the kynurenine pathway, the serotonin pathway, and the microbial indole pathway. The balance among these pathways is profoundly influenced by the gut microbiome, inflammation, and meta…
Microorganisms7 sources
Turicibacter
A Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic genus within the class Erysipelotrichia (phylum Firmicutes) that has become one of the most frequently identified taxa in gut-brain and gut-immune Mendelian randomization studies. Turicibacter sanguinis, the type species, possess…
Microorganisms9 sources
Tyzzerella
Tyzzerella is a genus of Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic bacteria within the family Lachnospiraceae (order Clostridiales, phylum Firmicutes). It was recently reclassified from Clostridium cluster XIVa and remains poorly characterized at the species level. The genus in…
Microorganisms6 sources
Veillonella
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic genus within the Firmicutes phylum (class Negativicutes, family Veillonellaceae). The primary species V. parvula is a specialized lactate utilizer that occupies a unique metabolic niche by cross-feeding with lactate-producing bacteria…
Mechanisms18 sources
Virome
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Metals62 sources
Zinc
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.