Dental Caries

Overview

Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, driven by acid-producing biofilm bacteria — primarily Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species — that demineralize tooth enamel. In the WikiBiome framework, dental caries connects to the oral-systemic axis: cariogenic bacteria and their metabolic products enter the systemic circulation, and conditions like GERD alter oral pH to promote caries [1].

Metal Connection

  • Zinc: Zinc-containing oral hygiene agents inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation and acid production — a metal-dependent antimicrobial strategy [2].
  • Fluoride: Fluorapatite formation protects enamel; fluoride also inhibits bacterial enolase (a metalloenzyme).

Oral-Gut Interactions

  • Oral and gut microbiota show correlated dysbiosis patterns in cerebral palsy and epilepsy [3].
  • Cariogenic Lactobacillus species may also affect thyroid health via oral-gut translocation [4].

Cross-References

References (4)

  1. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Calvo Henriquez C et al. (2020). Laryngopharyngeal reflux, gastroesophageal reflux and dental disorders: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237581
  2. Callahan Katrak, Sydney Reed, Miranda Carter et al. (2026). Katrak 2026 — Oral Hygiene Agents at Work: Effects on Streptococcus mutans and Caries Risk. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
  3. Congfu Huang, Chunuo Chu, Yuanping Peng et al. (2022). Huang 2022 — Correlations Between Gastrointestinal and Oral Microbiota in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Epilepsy. Frontiers in Pediatrics. doi:10.3389/fped.2022.988601
  4. Harbi RH, Mahmood MA (2024). The Occurrence of Lactobacillus and Candida albicans in Patients with Thyroid Disorders. Misan Journal for Academic Studies. doi:10.54633/2333-049-016