WikiBiomeThe human microbiome encyclopediaRanked matches across titles, topics, categories, and article introductions, filtered to mechanism.
A 140-amino-acid presynaptic protein whose misfolding into insoluble fibrils and their deposition in Lewy bodies is the defining neuropathological hallmark of parkinsons disease and the broader family of synucleinopathies (including Lewy body dementia and multiple syste…
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a 36–43 amino acid peptide derived from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta-secretase (BACE1) and gamma-secretase. Its aggregation from soluble monomers into insoluble fibrillar plaques in the brain is the defining ne…
The process by which soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) monomers assemble into neurotoxic oligomers and insoluble fibrillar plaques in the brain -- the defining neuropathological event of alzheimers disease. What distinguishes WikiBiome's treatment of this process from conventio…
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
The community of trillions of microorganisms — bacteria, archaea, fungi (mycobiome), viruses, and bacteriophages — inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, with the highest density in the colon (~10¹¹ cells/g). The gut microbiome encodes 100–150 times more genes tha…
Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, mediated by neural (vagus nerve, enteric nervous system), immune (cytokines, microglia), endocrine (HPA axis), and metabolic (SCFAs, neurotransmitter precursors, tryptophan metabolite…
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Heavy metals exert some of their most devastating effects on the nervous system. lead, mercury, and arsenic are the three metals with the most extensively documented neurotoxic mechanisms, but cadmium, manganese, aluminum, and nickel also contribute to neurological dama…
Microbial tryptophan metabolites produced by gut bacteria through the third branch of tryptophan metabolism -- the indole pathway. Unlike the host-dominated kynurenine pathway (~95% of Trp) and the serotonin pathway (~1-2%), the indole pathway is exclusively microbial a…
Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that sits at the crossroads of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and metabolism. It is one of the most frequently elevated inflammatory mediators across conditions in this wiki — appearing in disease signatures spanning IBD, aut…
Leptin is an adipokine (hormone produced by adipose tissue) that signals satiety to the hypothalamus — suppressing appetite and increasing energy expenditure. Leptin resistance (elevated leptin with impaired signaling) is a hallmark of obesity, paralleling insulin resis…
Small molecules produced, modified, or activated by gut microbiota that function as the primary chemical language between the microbiome and its host. These metabolites are not passive byproducts — they regulate gene expression, immune cell differentiation, gut barrier …
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, constituting 5-12% of all brain cells. They function as the brain's surveillance and defense system -- scanning for damage, clearing debris, pruning synapses during development, and mounting inflamma…
An umbrella concept encompassing the metallomic dimensions of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions. The brain is uniquely vulnerable to metal toxicity: it has high metabolic demand, limited regenerative capacity, region-specif…
Chronic inflammatory activation within the central nervous system, driven by microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Neuroinflammation is a convergent pathological mechanism across alzheimers disease, parkinsons disease, multiple sclerosis, and …
A microbial metabolite produced by gut bacteria through tyrosine fermentation that has emerged as one of the most consistent biomarkers linking gut dysbiosis to neurological and renal disease. p-Cresol (4-methylphenol) is a simple aromatic compound, but its effects are …
A three-carbon short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced primarily by Bacteroidetes and certain Firmicutes through anaerobic fermentation of dietary substrates. At physiological concentrations in healthy gut microbiomes, propionic acid (PPA) is a normal fermentation produc…
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein essential for maintaining the structural integrity of neuronal axons. In health, tau binds to and stabilizes microtubules, enabling axonal transport of organelles, vesicles, and signaling molecules. When tau becomes hyperphosphory…
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that the human body cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet. It occupies a uniquely important position at the intersection of neuroscience, immunology, and microbial ecology because it is the sole precursor to serotonin, a…
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid metabolized via three competing pathways: the kynurenine pathway, the serotonin pathway, and the microbial indole pathway. The balance among these pathways is profoundly influenced by the gut microbiome, inflammation, and meta…