WikiBiomeThe human microbiome encyclopediaRanked matches across titles, topics, categories, and article introductions.
Aeromonas is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria found in aquatic environments and, increasingly recognized as an opportunistic gut pathogen. Several species — particularly Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. caviae — are associated with gast…
The ability of microorganisms to survive and replicate in the presence of antimicrobial agents — antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antiparasitic drugs — at concentrations that would normally inhibit or kill them. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is designated by the W…
Arsenic is a metalloid and potent carcinogen (IARC Group 1) that ranks among the most widespread environmental toxicants affecting human health. An estimated 225 million people worldwide are chronically exposed through contaminated drinking water alone ghosh 2023 heavy …
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The process by which selection pressure from one agent — typically a heavy metal — simultaneously selects for resistance to a structurally unrelated agent such as an antibiotic, because the resistance determinants are genetically linked on the same mobile genetic elemen…
arsenic (As) is unique among dietary heavy metals because it exists in two fundamentally different forms with dramatically different toxicities: inorganic arsenic (iAs, the dangerous form) and organic arsenic (arsenobetaine, arsenosugars — largely non-toxic). Understand…
lead (Pb) has no safe level of exposure. Unlike most dietary metals, lead does not play any known biological role — every atom absorbed represents toxic burden. While environmental lead exposure (paint, soil, air) has decreased dramatically since leaded gasoline phase-o…
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Methylobacterium is a genus of methylotrophic alpha-Proteobacteria (phylum Pseudomonadota) predominantly found in soil, water, plant surfaces, and air environments. It is a methylotroph — capable of using one-carbon compounds such as methanol as a carbon and energy sour…
Oscillibacter is a genus of Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, motile bacteria within the family Oscillospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes). The type species, Oscillibacter valericigenes, was first isolated from the alimentary tract of a Japanese freshwater fish and named for…
Sphingomonas is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in the class Alphaproteobacteria, distinguished by the presence of sphingolipids in their outer membrane rather than the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) typical of most Gram-negative bacteria. Originally is…
The exposome is the totality of environmental exposures an individual experiences from conception to death. Coined by Christopher Wild in 2005, it complements the genome by capturing the environmental side of the gene-environment equation. Metals are among the most quan…