Mechanisms5 sources
Indole and Indole Derivatives
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Search: “indole”
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Mechanisms4 sources
Indoles
Microbial tryptophan metabolites produced by gut bacteria through the third branch of tryptophan metabolism -- the indole pathway. Unlike the host-dominated kynurenine pathway (~95% of Trp) and the serotonin pathway (~1-2%), the indole pathway is exclusively microbial a…
Mechanisms5 sources
AhR (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that functions as a master sensor at the intersection of gut microbial metabolism, environmental chemical exposure, and immune regulation. It is expressed broadly across immune cells, intesti…
Mechanisms8 sources
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)
This page serves as a cross-reference point for the existing ahr concept page, which provides comprehensive coverage of AhR signaling, microbiome-derived ligands, and immune regulation. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor that integr…
Mechanisms8 sources
Gut Microbiome
The community of trillions of microorganisms — bacteria, archaea, fungi (mycobiome), viruses, and bacteriophages — inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, with the highest density in the colon (~10¹¹ cells/g). The gut microbiome encodes 100–150 times more genes tha…
Mechanisms8 sources
Indoxyl Sulfate
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin produced through a two-step process: gut bacteria convert dietary tryptophan to indole, which is then absorbed and sulfated by hepatic sulfotransferases (SULT1A1). IS exemplifies how dysbiosis-driven metabolite overpr…
Mechanisms7 sources
Microbial Metabolites
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Mechanisms7 sources
Microbiome-Derived Metabolites
Small molecules produced, modified, or activated by gut microbiota that function as the primary chemical language between the microbiome and its host. These metabolites are not passive byproducts — they regulate gene expression, immune cell differentiation, gut barrier …
Mechanisms15 sources
Tryptophan
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that the human body cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet. It occupies a uniquely important position at the intersection of neuroscience, immunology, and microbial ecology because it is the sole precursor to serotonin, a…
Mechanisms9 sources
Tryptophan Metabolism
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid metabolized via three competing pathways: the kynurenine pathway, the serotonin pathway, and the microbial indole pathway. The balance among these pathways is profoundly influenced by the gut microbiome, inflammation, and meta…