WikiBiomeThe human microbiome encyclopediaRanked matches across titles, topics, categories, and article introductions.
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic genus within the family veillonellaceae (class Negativicutes, phylum Firmicutes) defined by its specialized amino acid fermentation -- the genus name literally means "acid from amino acids." Acidaminococcus ferments glutamate as its p…
Bifidobacterium adolescentis is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic species within the phylum Actinobacteria and the dominant Bifidobacterium species in the adult human gut. It is a specialist degrader of resistant starch and dietary fiber, producing acetate and lactate…
Clostridium butyricum is a spore-forming, obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium and one of the leading next-generation probiotic candidates. The MIYAIRI 588 strain (CBM 588) is approved as a pharmaceutical probiotic in Japan and has expanding clinical evidence acr…
The co-occurrence of multiple diseases in the same individual at rates exceeding chance. Comorbidity patterns are a central puzzle in medicine -- why do IBD patients develop CVD? Why does PCOS cluster with T2D? Why do neurodegenerative diseases associate with depression…
Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic drug and the most widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes worldwide (~150 million users). While traditionally understood to work through hepatic AMPK activation and gluconeogenesis suppression, landmark studies have de…
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic genus within the Bacteroidetes phylum, closely related to bacteroides fragilis. The best-characterized species, P. distasonis, has emerged as a key anti-inflammatory commensal with significant roles in bile acid metabolism and metabol…
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues (gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone) driven by a dysbiotic polymicrobial biofilm in the subgingival pocket. The keystone pathogen is porphyromonas gingivalis, whose zinc-dependent gingi…
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic genus within the phylum Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) that was recently reclassified from Bacteroides based on phylogenomic evidence (Garcia-Lopez et al., 2019). The key species -- Phocaeicola vulgatus (formerly Bacteroides vu…
A Gram-negative obligate anaerobe and keystone pathogen of the oral microbiome that causes chronic periodontitis and is increasingly implicated in systemic diseases including alzheimers disease and cardiovascular disease. P. gingivalis virulence is fundamentally depende…
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While Cr(III) deficiency may contribute to glucose intolerance, supplementation trials have produced inconsistent results. The disconnect between mechanistic plausibility and clinical trial evidence suggests that Cr supplementation may only benefit the subset of patient…
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction, affecting over 500 million people worldwide (IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021). The conventional framing centers on caloric excess and sedentary behavior. The …
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential cobalt-containing cofactor required for homocysteine metabolism, methylation reactions, and neurological function. Its core corrin ring chelates a cobalt ion, placing B12 at the intersection of metallomics and microbial ecology. C…