WikiBiomeThe human microbiome encyclopediaRanked matches across titles, topics, categories, and article introductions, filtered to mechanism.
Estrogen recirculation is the recycling loop by which conjugated estrogens excreted in bile are deconjugated by gut bacterial beta glucuronidase, reabsorbed across the intestinal epithelium, and returned to systemic circulation uzuner 2023 bidirectional relationship end…
A metal ion that activates estrogen receptors and mimics the biological effects of estradiol. Metalloestrogens represent a distinct class of endocrine-disrupting compounds where the active agent is an inorganic metal rather than an organic xenoestrogen like BPA or phtha…
Metalloestrogens are metal ions that activate estrogen receptors and mimic the biological effects of estradiol, the primary endogenous estrogen. They represent a category of endocrine-disrupting compounds where the active agent is an inorganic metal rather than an organ…
The serotonin-estrogen axis describes the bidirectional relationship between estrogen signaling and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission — a neuroendocrine interface that is profoundly modulated by the gut microbiome. Estrogen regulates serotonin synthesis (via tryptophan…
Aromatase (CYP19A1) is the cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the final and rate-limiting step of estrogen biosynthesis — the conversion of androgens (testosterone, androstenedione) to estrogens (estradiol, estrone). It is expressed in the ovaries, placenta, adipose …
Beta-glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase, EC 3.2.1.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucuronidated compounds, cleaving the β-1,4-glycosidic bond between a sugar and a glucuronic acid group. In the microbiome, beta-glucuronidase is the key enzyme of the estro…
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination. The classical EDC list -- BPA, phthalates, dioxins, PCBs, pesticides -- is well established. What WikiBiome adds …
Exogenous chemicals that interfere with hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, or elimination, mimicking or blocking endogenous hormones at physiologically relevant concentrations. In the metallomics-microbiome framework, endocrine disruptors occupy a critica…
Enterohepatic circulation (EHC) is the recycling loop by which compounds—primarily bile acids, conjugated estrogens, conjugated glucuronides, and metabolites of drugs and xenobiotics—are excreted in bile, reach the intestine, undergo deconjugation or dehydroxylation by …
The estrobolome is the aggregate of enteric bacterial genes whose products are capable of metabolizing estrogens. First proposed by Plottel and Blaser (2011), the concept describes how the gut microbiome acts as an endocrine organ, modulating circulating estrogen levels…
The gut-gonadal axis describes the bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiome and the reproductive endocrine system. Gut bacteria modulate sex hormone levels through enzymatic activity (particularly beta glucuronidase-mediated estrogen deconjugation),…
Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein) are phytoestrogens found primarily in soy products. They bind estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) with weak agonist/antagonist activity and are among the most microbiome-dependent dietary bioactives — their clinical effects depe…