Associations of Environmental Exposure to Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, and Cadmium with Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Recent Evidence from Mechanistic Studies

Comprehensively maps metal-specific mechanisms (arsenic: tau phosphorylation via GSK3-beta/ERK; manganese: autophagy impairment; lead/cadmium: blood-brain barrier disruption) converging on Alzheimer's disease pathology across 45 mechanistic studies. WikiBiome depends on this evidence to explain how distinct metal burdens select for divergent neurodegenerative trajectories—establishing metal-specific toxicology as deterministic of proteinopathy type rather than a generic oxidative insult.