Article toolsThe zinc supplementation question — Breast Cancer
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Zinc deficiency is a consistent finding in breast cancer, and zinc (Zn) plays key roles in immunity (T cell differentiation), p53 activation, and SOD cofactor function. Yet supplementation data are limited, and in the Sister Study, zinc showed a dose-related positive association with breast cancer in non-Hispanic Black women (T3: HR = 1.38). The paradox may reflect that dietary zinc sources overlap with cadmium sources (shellfish, grains from contaminated soils), creating a confounded exposure.