Curli Amyloid Fibers

Overview

Curli are functional amyloid fibers produced by escherichia coli, salmonella, and other Enterobacteriaceae as the primary protein component of their extracellular biofilm matrix. The curli subunit CsgA polymerizes into cross-beta-sheet amyloid fibrils that are structurally homologous to human disease-associated amyloids (Aβ, α-synuclein, tau). This structural homology enables cross-seeding — bacterial curli can nucleate the aggregation of host amyloid proteins, providing a direct microbial-to-neurodegeneration pathway.

Cross-Seeding Mechanism

Metal Connection

  • Iron and zinc are required for curli fiber assembly — CsgA polymerization is metal-dependent.
  • Inflammation-driven iron availability in the dysbiotic gut selects for E. coli/Shigella expansion AND provides the metal cofactors for curli production — a convergent pathological mechanism.
  • This connects microbial metallomics directly to neurodegeneration: metal exposure → Enterobacteriaceae bloom → curli production → amyloid cross-seeding → Aβ/α-synuclein aggregation.

Cross-References