Bacteremia

Key Pathways#

Gut translocation: Barrier failure from Dysbiosis, metal damage (Cadmium, Lead), or Metal-Driven Inflammation allows gut bacteria to enter the portal circulation → liver → systemic spread.^{[1]Liu 2023 — Environmental cadmium exposure alters the internal microbiota and metabolome of Sprague–Dawley ratsLiu S, Deng X, Li Z et al. · 2023Open reference 1 ↓}

COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption leads to bacterial translocation and bacteremia, contributing to cytokine storm severity.^{[2]Bernard-Raichon et al. 2022 — Gut microbiome dysbiosis in antibiotic-treated COVID-19 patients is associated with microbial translocation and bacteremiaLucie Bernard-Raichon, Mericien Venzon, Jon Klein et al. · 2022Open reference 2 ↓}

Oral translocation: Chewing, dental procedures, or severe periodontitis cause transient bacteremia from oral pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus) into the systemic circulation → Cardiovascular Disease risk.^{[3]The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseaseAndrea Tonelli, Evelyn N. Lumngwena, Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi · 2023Open reference 3 ↓}

Perioperative: Post-surgical bacteremia from gut translocation; synbiotics may reduce incidence.^{[4]Synergistic immunomodulatory effect of synbiotics pre- and postoperative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled studySara Maher, Hesham A. Elmeligy, Tarek Aboushousha et al. · 2024Open reference 4 ↓}