Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)

Overview

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids with multiple double bonds, divided into omega-3 (EPA, DHA, ALA) and omega-6 (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid) families. The omega-6:omega-3 ratio determines inflammatory tone — Western diets (~15:1) favor pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid metabolism, while ratios closer to 2:1 favor anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator production.

Microbiome Interface

  • PUFAs modulate gut microbiome composition: omega-3 supplementation increases Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium; omega-6 excess favors Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Gut bacteria metabolize PUFAs, producing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and other bioactive lipid derivatives.
  • PUFA membrane composition affects epithelial barrier integrity and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation.

Disease Relevance

Cross-References