Arachidonic Acid

Overview

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a 20-carbon omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (20:4n-6) that serves as the primary substrate for prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis via COX-2 and 5-LOX pathways. It is the dominant pro-inflammatory lipid mediator — and its balance with anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) determines the inflammatory tone across multiple disease signatures.

Microbiome Connection

Resolution Pathway

Arachidonic acid is also the precursor for lipoxins — pro-resolving mediators that actively terminate inflammation. The balance between pro-inflammatory (prostaglandins) and pro-resolving (lipoxins) AA metabolites depends on the enzymatic context, which metals can disrupt.

Cross-References