Homocysteine

Microbiome Connection#

B12/folate production: Gut bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium) synthesize B12 and folate—essential cofactors for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Dysbiosis-driven loss of B-vitamin producers increases homocysteine levels.

ASD: Altered urinary amino acid profiles including homocysteine pathway metabolites.^{[1]Liu 2019 — Altered Urinary Amino Acids in Children with ASDAiping Liu, Wei Zhou, Liuhong Qu et al. · 2019Open reference 1 ↓[2]Bala 2016 — Plasma Amino Acid Profile in ASDK.A. Bala, M. Dogan, T. Mutluer et al. · 2016Open reference 2 ↓}

Schizophrenia: Homocysteine as gut-microbiome-modulated biomarker for treatment response.^{[3]Gut Microbial Biomarkers for the Treatment Response in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A 24-Week Follow-Up StudyYuan X, Wang Y, Li X et al. · 2021Open reference 3 ↓} CRC: Mucosal metabolomics show altered homocysteine pathway.^{[4]Metabolomics and 16S rRNA Sequencing of Human Colorectal Cancers and Adjacent MucosaLoke MF, Chua EG, Gan HM et al. · 2018Open reference 4 ↓} ESRD: Homocysteine accumulation in end-stage renal disease with mycobiome alterations.^{[5]Altered Gut Mycobiome in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease and Its Correlations with MetabolomesYi Ren, Lei Chen, Ruochun Guo et al. · 2024Open reference 5 ↓}