Oxalate (oxalic acid) is a dietary compound (spinach, rhubarb, nuts, chocolate) and endogenous metabolic end-product that forms insoluble calcium oxalate crystals—the primary component of ~80% of kidney stones. The Gut Microbiome is the primary route of oxalate degradation via Oxalobacter formigenes and other oxalate-degrading bacteria (Oxalobacter).
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In CKD, altered gut microbiota composition affects oxalate handling.
Microbiome Connection#
Oxalobacter formigenes uses oxalate as its sole carbon source, directly reducing enteric oxalate absorption and urinary oxalate excretion. Loss of O. formigenes (e.g., from antibiotic exposure) increases kidney stone risk.
In CKD, altered gut microbiota composition affects oxalate handling.[1]Hall et al. 2020 — CKD in Cats Alters Response of the Plasma Metabolome and Fecal Microbiome to Dietary FiberJean A. Hall, Matthew I. Jackson, Dennis E. Jewell et al. · 2020Open reference 1 ↓[2]Gut Microbiota Composition and Frailty in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney DiseaseElisabetta Margiotta, Francesco Miragoli, Maria Luisa Callegari et al. · 2020Open reference 2 ↓[3]Wang 2023 — Perturbed Gut Microbiome and Metabolomes Across CKD SeverityWang, Li, Zhang et al. · 2023Open reference 3 ↓
Dietary fiber modulates oxalate-degrading bacteria abundance.
Cross-References#
- Oxalobacter—primary oxalate-degrading organism
- Chronic Kidney Disease—oxalate handling impairment
- Calcium—calcium oxalate crystal formation
References 3
Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.
- 1
Jean A. Hall, Matthew I. Jackson, Dennis E. Jewell et al. (2020). Hall et al. 2020 — CKD in Cats Alters Response of the Plasma Metabolome and Fecal Microbiome to Dietary Fiber. PLOS ONE.
- 2
Elisabetta Margiotta, Francesco Miragoli, Maria Luisa Callegari et al. (2020). Gut Microbiota Composition and Frailty in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. PLOS ONE.
- 3
Wang, Li, Zhang et al. (2023). Wang 2023 — Perturbed Gut Microbiome and Metabolomes Across CKD Severity. Microbiome.
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