HIV/AIDS

Gut Microbiome in HIV#

Dysbiosis: Depletion of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and SCFA producers; enrichment of Proteobacteria, Prevotella (in MSM), and pathobionts.^{[1]Troseid 2024 — Gut Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in People Living with HIVMarius Trøseid, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin · 2024Open reference 1 ↓}

Microbial translocation: LPS and bacterial DNA in plasma even during successful ART—driving chronic Metal-Driven Inflammation, Endotoxemia, and cardiovascular risk.^{[1]Troseid 2024 — Gut Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in People Living with HIVMarius Trøseid, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin · 2024Open reference 1 ↓}

Cardiometabolic: HIV-associated gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation drive atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and CVD—the leading cause of death in ART-treated HIV. Gut-brain axis: Cannabinoid-microbiota interactions in HIV/SIV models.^{[2]Cannabinoids modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HIV/SIV infection by reducing neuroinflammation and dysbiosis while concurrently elevating endocannabinoid and indole-3-propionate levelsMarina McDew-White, Eunhee Lee, Lakmini S. Premadasa et al. · 2023Open reference 2 ↓}

Metal Connection#

Heavy metal exposure promotes Candida albicans virulence in immunocompromised HIV patients.^{[3]Effect of Heavy Metal Ions on Candida Isolated from HIV Positive PatientsMonal M. Kukde, Silpi Basak, Deepak P. Selkar · 2019Open reference 3 ↓} HIV-associated immune depletion impairs Nutritional Immunity (Metal Sequestration), reducing the host's ability to restrict metals from pathogens.