N-glycosylation is a post-translational modification in which glycan chains are attached to asparagine residues on proteins. This modification is critical for protein folding, cell-cell recognition, and immune system signaling.
In the context of host-microbe interactions, N-glycosylation patterns determine how the immune system recognizes and responds to both commensal and pathogenic organisms.
In endometriosis, the vaginal microbiota N-glycome shows distinctive alterations that may reflect immune dysregulation at the mucosal interface ([1]MacSharry 2024 — Endometriosis Specific Vaginal Microbiota Links to Urine and Serum N-GlycomeJohn MacSharry, Zsuzsanna Kovacs, Yongjing Xie et al. · 2024Open reference 1 ↓). Pathogenic fungi such as Candida exploit glycosylation to mask immunogenic beta-glucan from host pattern recognition receptors, enabling immune evasion within biofilm communities.
Metal availability intersects with glycosylation biology through metalloenzyme-dependent glycan processing. In critical care settings, infection-associated metallomics shifts alter the activity of metal-dependent glycosyltransferases and glycosidases ([2]Infection metallomics for critical care in the post-COVID eraPatil RH, Luptakova D, Havlicek V · 2021Open reference 2 ↓), potentially disrupting immune recognition cascades.
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In endometriosis, the vaginal microbiota N-glycome shows distinctive alterations that may reflect immune dysregulation at the mucosal interface (). Pathogenic fungi such as Candida exploit glycosylation to mask immunogenic beta-glucan from host pattern recognition receptors, enabling immune evasion within biofilm communities.
Metal availability intersects with glycosylation biology through metalloenzyme-dependent glycan processing. In critical care settings, infection-associated metallomics shifts alter the activity of metal-dependent glycosyltransferases and glycosidases (), potentially disrupting immune recognition cascades.
Contents
1. Cross-ReferencesCross-References#
- Candida albicans—beta-glucan masking via glycosylation
- Endometriosis—vaginal microbiota N-glycome alterations
- Biofilm—glycan-mediated immune evasion within biofilm structures
- Functional Shielding—interkingdom immune evasion strategies
References 6
Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.
- 1
John MacSharry, Zsuzsanna Kovacs, Yongjing Xie et al. (2024). MacSharry 2024 — Endometriosis Specific Vaginal Microbiota Links to Urine and Serum N-Glycome. Scientific Reports.
- 2
★Patil RH, Luptakova D, Havlicek V (2021). Infection metallomics for critical care in the post-COVID era. Mass Spectrometry Reviews.
- 3
Yao H, Wan JY, Zeng J et al. (2018). Effects of Compound K, an Enteric Microbiome Metabolite of Ginseng, in the Treatment of Inflammation Associated Colon Cancer. Oncology Letters.
- 4
Summer D Bushman, Eric P Skaar, N Luisa Hiller (2025). Bushman 2025 — The Exploitation of Nutrient Metals by Bacteria for Survival and Infection in the Gut. PLOS Pathogens.
- 5
★Kravchenko V, Zakharchenko T (2023). Kravchenko 2023 — Thyroid hormones and minerals in immunocorrection of disorders in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Frontiers in Endocrinology.
- 6
Wilkinson HN, Guinn BA, Hardman MJ (2021). Combined Metallomics/Transcriptomics Profiling Reveals a Major Role for Metals in Wound Repair. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.
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