Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], acetoacetate, acetone) are produced by hepatic fatty acid oxidation during carbohydrate restriction, fasting, or Ketogenic Diet consumption. BHB is the most abundant and is structurally and functionally analogous to Butyrate—both are HDAC inhibitors and anti-inflammatory signaling molecules.
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The ketogenic diet profoundly alters gut microbiome composition: increases Akkermansia, reduces Bifidobacterium, and shifts SCFA profiles.
BHB modulates intestinal ILC3 cells and IL-22 production.
Clinical applications: epilepsy (established), ASD (emerging), neurodegeneration (investigational).
Microbiome Connection#
The Ketogenic Diet profoundly alters Gut Microbiome composition: increases Akkermansia, reduces Bifidobacterium, and shifts SCFA profiles.[1]Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Colitis by Reduction of Colonic Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Through Altering Gut MicrobiomeKong C, Yan X, Liu Y et al. · 2021Open reference 1 ↓[2]The Impact of Ketogenic Diet on Colorectal Cancer Progression and the Co-evolution of Gut Microbiota: A Research ProtocolMelika Shirdarreh, Yasamin Sadeghi, Tina Rahimi · 2021Open reference 2 ↓
BHB modulates intestinal ILC3 cells and IL-22 production.[1]Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Colitis by Reduction of Colonic Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Through Altering Gut MicrobiomeKong C, Yan X, Liu Y et al. · 2021Open reference 1 ↓ Clinical applications: epilepsy (established), ASD (emerging), neurodegeneration (investigational).[3]Li 2021 — Ketogenic Diet and the Treatment of ASDQinrui Li, Jingjing Liang, Na Fu et al. · 2021Open reference 3 ↓
Cross-References#
- Ketogenic Diet—intervention producing ketone bodies
- butyrate—structural/functional analogue (both HDAC inhibitors)
- Lipid Metabolism—hepatic fatty acid oxidation source
References 3
Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.
- 1
Kong C, Yan X, Liu Y et al. (2021). Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Colitis by Reduction of Colonic Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Through Altering Gut Microbiome. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.
- 2
Melika Shirdarreh, Yasamin Sadeghi, Tina Rahimi (2021). The Impact of Ketogenic Diet on Colorectal Cancer Progression and the Co-evolution of Gut Microbiota: A Research Protocol. URNCST Journal.
- 3
Qinrui Li, Jingjing Liang, Na Fu et al. (2021). Li 2021 — Ketogenic Diet and the Treatment of ASD. Frontiers in Pediatrics.
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