TGF-beta is a pleiotropic cytokine with dual roles: immunosuppressive (driving regulatory T cell [Treg] differentiation and maintaining immune tolerance) and pro-fibrotic (promoting extracellular matrix deposition, wound healing, and tissue fibrosis). In the WikiBiome context, TGF-beta sits at the intersection of microbiome-driven immune regulation, metal-induced fibrosis, and several disease signatures.

Evidence map4 cited passagesInspect provenance +
01
Microbiome Connection

Endometriosis: TGF-beta drives endometrial stromal cell proliferation and fibrosis; gut microbiome disruption (antibiotic-induced) affects TGF-beta-dependent endometriotic lesion progression.

02
Microbiome Connection

Hashimoto's thyroiditis: TGF-beta-mediated Treg/Th17 balance disrupted via gut microbiota-immune crosstalk.

03
Microbiome Connection

ASD: Immunoregulatory TGF-beta pathways altered in ASD.

04
Metal Connection

Cadmium and lead induce TGF-beta overexpression in kidney tissue, driving renal fibrosis.

Contents1. Microbiome Connection2. Metal Connection3. Cross-References

Microbiome Connection#

SCFA-driven Treg induction: Butyrate from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and other SCFA producers promotes TGF-beta-dependent Treg differentiation in the gut—the primary mechanism by which the microbiome maintains immune tolerance. Dysbiosis-driven butyrate loss reduces TGF-beta/Treg signaling, enabling inflammatory and autoimmune pathology.

Endometriosis: TGF-beta drives endometrial stromal cell proliferation and fibrosis; Gut Microbiome disruption (antibiotic-induced) affects TGF-beta-dependent endometriotic lesion progression.[1]Antibiotic therapy with metronidazole reduces endometriosis disease progression in mice: a potential role for gut microbiotaChadchan SB, Cheng M, Parnell LA et al. · 2019Open reference 1 ↓

Hashimoto's thyroiditis: TGF-beta-mediated Treg/Th17 balance disrupted via gut microbiota-immune crosstalk.[2]Role of immune cells in mediating the effect of gut microbiota on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization studyPei XQ, Wang WH, Gao YH et al. · 2024Open reference 2 ↓ ASD: Immunoregulatory TGF-beta pathways altered in ASD.[3]Arteaga-Henriquez 2023 -- Immunoregulatory and/or Anti-inflammatory Agents for the Management of Core and Associated Symptoms in Individuals with ASDGara Arteaga-Henriquez, Laura Gisbert, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga · 2023Open reference 3 ↓

Metal Connection#

Cadmium and lead induce TGF-beta overexpression in kidney tissue, driving renal fibrosis.[4]Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Injury and Role of Toxic Heavy Metals in Chronic Kidney DiseaseManish Mishra, Larry Nichols, Aditi A. Dave et al. · 2022Open reference 4 ↓ The dual nature of TGF-beta means metal-driven TGF-beta elevation is simultaneously immunosuppressive (reducing pathogen clearance) and pro-fibrotic (causing tissue damage).

Cross-References#

Generated evidence record

References 6

Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.

  1. 1

    Chadchan SB, Cheng M, Parnell LA et al. (2019). Antibiotic therapy with metronidazole reduces endometriosis disease progression in mice: a potential role for gut microbiota. Human Reproduction.

  2. 2

    Pei XQ, Wang WH, Gao YH et al. (2024). Role of immune cells in mediating the effect of gut microbiota on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Frontiers in Microbiology.

  3. 3

    Gara Arteaga-Henriquez, Laura Gisbert, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga (2023). Arteaga-Henriquez 2023 -- Immunoregulatory and/or Anti-inflammatory Agents for the Management of Core and Associated Symptoms in Individuals with ASD. CNS Drugs.

  4. 4

    ★Manish Mishra, Larry Nichols, Aditi A. Dave et al. (2022). Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Injury and Role of Toxic Heavy Metals in Chronic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

  5. 5

    Jiang L, Fei H, Tong J et al. (2021). Hormone Replacement Therapy Reverses Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Alterations in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Frontiers in Endocrinology.

  6. 6

    Courtney Dye, Kathryn M. Lenz, Benedetta Leuner (2022). Dye et al. 2022 — Immune System Alterations in Postpartum Mental Illness. Frontiers in Global Women's Health.

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Article network

Current recordTGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor Beta)Mechanisms
MechanismsButyrateReferenced in this mechanisms recordMicroorganismsFaecalibacterium prausnitziiReferenced in this mechanisms recordMechanismsDysbiosisReferenced in this mechanisms recordMechanismsGut MicrobiomeReferenced in this mechanisms recordMechanismsImmune BalanceReferenced in this mechanisms recordHost defensesMetal-Driven InflammationReferenced in this mechanisms recordDiseasesEndometriosisReferenced in this mechanisms recordDiseasesSchizophreniaLinks back from its diseases recordMechanismsIL-17 (Interleukin-17)Links back from its mechanisms recordMechanismsTh17/Treg BalanceLinks back from its mechanisms record
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3 changes
  1. published revision

    Revised “Microbiome Connection”: now reads “- SCFA-driven Treg induction: butyrate from faecalibacterium prausnitzii and other SCFA”.

    Revised “Microbiome Connection”: changed “- SCFA-driven Treg induction: Butyrate from faecalibacterium prausnitzii and other SCFA” to “- SCFA-driven Treg induction: butyrate from faecalibacterium prausnitzii and other SCFA”. · Karen Pendergrass · +2 −2

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  2. published revision

    Revised “Microbiome Connection”: now reads “which the microbiome maintains immune tolerance. dysbiosis-driven butyrate loss reduces TGF-beta/Treg signaling, enabling”.

    Revised “Microbiome Connection”: changed “which the microbiome maintains immune tolerance. Dysbiosis-driven butyrate loss reduces TGF-beta/Treg signaling, enabling” to “which the microbiome maintains immune tolerance. dysbiosis-driven butyrate loss reduces TGF-beta/Treg signaling, enabling”. · Karen Pendergrass · +1 −1

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  3. published revision

    Created “TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor Beta)”: TGF-beta is a pleiotropic cytokine with dual roles: immunosuppressive (driving regulatory T cell [Treg] differentiation and maintaining immune tolerance) and pro-fibrotic (promoting extracellular…

    Created “TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor Beta)”: TGF-beta is a pleiotropic cytokine with dual roles: immunosuppressive (driving regulatory T cell [Treg] differentiation and maintaining immune tolerance) and pro-fibrotic (promoting extracellular… Published sections: Overview; Microbiome Connection; Metal Connection; Cross-References. · WikiBiome Deploy Bot · +44 −0

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